Determination of chlorobenzenes in pure, tap, and sea water by static headspace gas chromatography‐electron capture detection

Abstract

A simple, efficient, solvent-free, and commercial readily available approach for determination of 11 chlorobenzenes (CBs) in water samples using the static headspace (HS) sampling and gas chromatography-electron capture detector has been described. The proposed static HS sampling method was initially optimized and the optimum experimental conditions found were 10 mL water sample containing 20% (w/v) sodium chloride placed in a 20 mL vial and stirred at 70°C for 30 min. The linearity of the method ranged from 0.16 to 8.0 μg/L for dichlorobenzene isomers, 0.0176~0.88 μg/L for trichlorobenzene isomers, 0.004~0.2 μg/L for tetrachlorobenzene isomers, and from 0.001 to 0.05 μg/L for pentachlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene, with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.9992 and 0.9999. The limits of detection were in the low μg/L level, ranging between 0.0002 and 0.04 μg/L. The relative recoveries of spiked CBs with external calibration or standard addition method at different concentration levels in pure, tap, and sea water samples were 83~116%, 89~108%, and 93~112%, respectively, and with relative standard deviations of 1.9~6.3%, 1.6~5.4%, and 2.5~5.7% (n = 5), respectively. It is concluded that this method can be successfully applied for the determination of CBs in pure, tap, and sea water samples.

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“…Li et al [14] used solidphase microextraction (SPME) coated fiber to the determination of chlorobenzenes in water using GC-ECD. Khajeh et al [15], He et al [16] and Hu et al [17] used headspace solvent microextraction (HSME) followed by GC-ECD to determine trace levels of chlorobenzenes in water samples. Berijani et al [18] also used DLLME, but it was coupled with gas chromatography and flame photometric detection (GC-FPD).…”

Synthesis of a metal–organic framework confined in periodic mesoporous silica with enhanced hydrostability as a novel fiber coating for solid‐phase microextraction

“…These make SPME a rapid and highly sensitive sample pretreatment method. From the SPME point of view, the fiber coating and the material of the coating are critical . The introduction of new fibers, the development of new experimental configurations, and the improvement of automatic devices will undoubtedly lead to the application of SPME to different fields of chemical analysis.…”

Ionic liquids as stationary phases in gas chromatography: Determination of chlorobenzenes in soils

“…They are also released during the disposal of chlorobenzene products, such as from incinerators and hazardous waste sites. Chlorobenzenes used as deodorizers, fumigants, degreasers, insecticides, herbicides, and defoliants are also released to the environment as a direct result of their application . Another direct source of these compounds in soils is the use of sewage sludge as fertilizer on agricultural land; these sewage sludges contain diverse chemical compounds, which may also enter the soil matrix .…”