Determination of Chlorophenol Derivatives Using the Homogeneous Liquid-liquid Extraction in Ternary Component System-GC/MS Method.

Takagai, Yoshitaka; Maekoya, Chiaki; Igarashi, Shukuro

doi:10.1246/nikkashi.2000.291

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…To improve the sensitivity of colorimetric analysis with dithizone, we herein focused on the phase separation phenomenon. Specifically, we explored homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction, whereby a small amount of the extraction phase is generated [10][11][12] . Through homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction, the analyte can be concentrated from a milliliter-scale sample to a microliter-scale extraction phase in a short period of time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This fact indicates that this method is a simple preconcentration method yielding a high concentration rate. Therefore, this method has been applied to increase the sensitivity of several instrumental analysis techniques [10][11][12][13][14] such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 10 . Recently, it was found that a mixture of water, 2-propanol, and chloroform generates a similar microscale water-insoluble extraction phase, and a Cd(II)-dithizone complex can be concentrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simple and high-sensitivity colorimetric analysis of cadmium using homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction

et al. 2022

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Colorimetric determination with dithizone (diphenylthiocarbazone) is a simple method that has been applied to analyze cadmium (Cd) ions in water. However, determining concentrations close to the environmental standard value (3 μgL -1 ) using this method is difficult because of its low sensitivity. Herein, we exploited the phase separation phenomenon to generate a small amount of the extraction phase by adding a mixture of 2-propanol and a small amount of chloroform to a water sample, as a pre-concentration method for the Cd(II) ions. The obtained Cd(II)-dithizone complex was successfully extracted into this phase. We then constructed a simple and highly sensitive colorimetric analysis method for the ppb level of Cd(II) using this phase separation technique.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple and high-sensitivity colorimetric analysis of cadmium using homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction

et al. 2022

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“…The procedure is simple, rapid, and requires only the addition of the reagents. 23 Homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction method using a ternary solvent system is developed and applied as a simple and highpowered preconcentration method for the instrumental analysis. [24][25][26][27] In order to obtain homogenous system, various systems exist such as: ion pair system, 28 surfactant system 29 dependent system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of Chromium in Water Samples with Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Abkenar¹,

Hosseini²,

Dahaghin³

et al. 2010

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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A novel method was developed for the speciation of chromium in natural water samples based on homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). In this method, Cr(III) reacts with a new Schiff's base ligand to form the hydrophobic complex, which is subsequently entrapped in the sediment phase, whereas Cr(VI) remained in aqueous phase. The Cr(VI) assay is based on its reduction to Cr(III) by the addition of sodium sulfite to the sample solution. Thus, separation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) could be realized. Homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction based on the pH-independent phase-separation process was investigated using a ternary solvent system (water-tetrabutylammonium ion (TBA + )-chloroform) for the preconcentration of chromium. The phase separation phenomenon occurred by an ion-pair formation of TBA and perchlorate ion. Then sedimented phase was separated using a 100 µL micro-syringe and diluted to 1.0 mL with ethanol. The sample was introduced into the flame by conventional aspiration. After the optimization of complexation and extraction conditions such as pH = 9. -2 M, a preconcentration factor (Va/Vs) of 100 was obtained for only 10 mL of the sample. The relative standard deviation was 2.8% (n = 10). The limit of detection was sufficiently low and lie at ppb level. The proposed method was applied for the extraction and determination of chromium in natural water samples with satisfactory results.

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“…Compared to conventional LLE, homogeneous LLE based on cloud point extraction [8,9], ternary component solvent system and perfluorinated surfactant system [10], and salting-out extraction [11] are relatively simple and rapid extraction techniques. In homogeneous LLE, the extractant (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling of acetonitrile deproteinization and salting‐out extraction with acetonitrile stacking for biological sample clean‐up and the enrichment of hydrophobic compounds (porphyrins) in capillary electrophoresis

Huie

2006

Electrophoresis

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A new sample pretreatment approach in CE was developed for concurrent biological sample clean-up and the concentration of hydrophobic compounds based on the combination of ACN deproteinization with salting-out extraction. Further enhancement in concentration detection sensitivity was achieved by coupling (offline) salting-out extraction with an online CE sample enrichment technique known as "ACN stacking". By optimizing the pH of salting-out extraction, a number of model compounds (hydrophobic porphyrins with clinical significances), i.e. zinc-protoporphyrin, protoporphyrin, and coproporphyrin (CP) III and I, can be efficiently extracted from the aqueous sample into a smaller volume organic solvent (ACN) phase and an enrichment factor of ca. 100 can be obtained. The pressure injection of the enriched ACN phase (containing ca.1% NaCl) into the CE capillary at 10% capillary volume resulted in additional concentration of the various hydrophobic porphyrins, allowing for a combined enrichment factor of ca.1000 to be obtained. Calibration curves obtained for the determination of a pair of positional isomers with significant diagnostic value, urinary CPIII and CPI, were found to be linear between 10-300 ng/mL (with R2 = 0.999), and LODs (absorbance detection at 400 nm) were ca. 0.8 ng/mL (1.1 nmol/L of CPIII or CPI). Based on a single salting-out extraction, intraday precisions (nine consecutive injections) for both CPIII and CPI (at spiked concentrations of 10-300 ng/mL into urine) in terms of migration time and peak area were found to be within the range of 0.2-0.5 and 0.8-2.9%, respectively.

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Determination of Chlorophenol Derivatives Using the Homogeneous Liquid-liquid Extraction in Ternary Component System-GC/MS Method.

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Simple and high-sensitivity colorimetric analysis of cadmium using homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction

Simple and high-sensitivity colorimetric analysis of cadmium using homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction

Speciation of Chromium in Water Samples with Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Coupling of acetonitrile deproteinization and salting‐out extraction with acetonitrile stacking for biological sample clean‐up and the enrichment of hydrophobic compounds (porphyrins) in capillary electrophoresis

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