Determination of Citalopram in Tablets by HPLC, Densitometric HPTLC, and Videodensitometric HPTLC Methods

Skibiński, Robert; Misztal, Genowefa

doi:10.1081/jlc-200041345

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Smyth et al have studied LC -ESI-MS/ MS fragmentations of common antidepressants including CIT [15]. Spectrophotometry [16 -18], spectrofluorometry [19], continuous cyclic voltammetry [20], squarewave adsorptive-stripping voltammetry [21], capillary electrophoresis [18,22], gas chromatography [23,24], and HPLC and HPTLC [25] were used to determine CIT in various dosage forms. The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) describes an HPLC method for the assay of CIT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of degradation products of citalopram and process‐related impurities using RP‐HPLC

Rao¹,

Raju

Narsimha

2008

J of Separation Science

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A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous separation and determination of citalopram hydrobromide and its process impurities in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical formulations was developed. The separation was accomplished on an Inertsil ODS 3V (250x4.6 mm; particle size 5 mum) column using 0.3% diethylamine (pH = 4.70) and methanol/acetonitrile (55:45 v/v) as mobile phase in a gradient elution mode. The eluents were monitored by a photodiode array detector set at 225 nm. The chromatographic behavior of all the related substances was examined under variable conditions of different solvents, buffer concentrations, and pH. The method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, and linearity. The method could be of use not only for rapid and routine evaluation of the quality of citalopram in bulk drug manufacturing units but also for the detection of its impurities in pharmaceutical formulations. Three unknown impurities were consistently observed during the analysis of different batches of citalopram. Forced degradation of citalopram was carried out under thermal, photo, acidic, alkaline, and peroxide conditions. The degradation products and unknown impurities were isolated and characterized by ESI-MS/MS, (1)H NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of degradation products of citalopram and process‐related impurities using RP‐HPLC

Rao¹,

Raju

Narsimha

2008

J of Separation Science

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“…[ 2 ] Citalopram is chemically known as (1‐[3‐(dimethylamino)propyl]‐1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1,3‐dihydro‐5‐isobenzofurancarbonitrile [ 3 ] (Figure 1). Various chromatographic, [ 4–10 ] spectrofluorimetric, [ 11–14 ] spectrophotometric [ 15,16 ] and electrochemical analytical methods have been applied for citalopram determination. [ 17,18 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous determination of citalopram and tadalafil by the second derivative synchronous fluorescence method in biological fluids; application of Box–Behnken optimization design

et al. 2020

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This is the first study focusing solely on that determination of tadalafil in the presence of citalopram as an antidepressant drug. The determination in biological fluids of a co‐administered antidepressant drug and a sexual stimulation drug is a very critical and important step for psychotic and ischaemic heart disease patients, especially in cases of emergency and this requires therapeutic drug monitoring. A sensitive, efficient and rapid assay was selected satisfactorily and applied for simultaneous determination of citalopram and tadalafil either in their pure forms, in tablet dosage forms or in spiked human plasma. There was a large overlap for both drugs, forming the broad band found in conventional fluorescence spectra and their related synchronous fluorescence intensity. Therefore, the development of a highly sensitive second derivative synchronous fluorescence method was demonstrated that removed this overlap. The proposed method depended on measuring the amplitudes of the second derivative of synchronous fluorescence intensity at suitable wavelengths of 301 nm and 367 nm for citalopram and tadalafil at Δλ = 60 nm, respectively. Box–Behnken design as a response surface methodology was used to fit models and create an optimization process encompassing a set of factors and resulting in an optimum response value specifically designed for this method. Under optimum conditions, the linear dynamic ranges for citalopram and tadalafil estimation were 20–900 and 5–400 ng ml−1 with detection limits of 5.40 and 1.43 ng ml−1, respectively.

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“…[3] There are many reports on analysis of citalopram in both biological sample [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and pharmaceutical dosage forms. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The European Pharrmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CHARACTERIZATION OF AN UNKNOWN IMPURITY IN CITALOPRAM HYDROBROMIDE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENT BY SEMI-PREPARATIVE ISOLATION AND LC-ESI/MSⁿAND NMR

Thomas

Agarwal

Rao

et al. 2013

Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies

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& Two impurities were detected during the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of citalopram hydrobromide sample by United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) method-I. One of the impurities of the order of 0.25% was found not to be reported previously. Unknown impurity was identified by a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) compatible reverse phase isocratic method using electrospray ionization source and ion trap mass analyzer. Impurity was isolated by semi-preparative HPLC followed by characterization using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and elemental analysis (EA). Structure of this impurity was unambiguously confirmed by synthesis and the impurity was characterized as 1-[1-(3-Dimethylamino-propyl)-1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dihydro-isobenzo-furan -5-yl]-ethanone. A plausible mechanism for the formation of this impurity is also proposed.

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Determination of Citalopram in Tablets by HPLC, Densitometric HPTLC, and Videodensitometric HPTLC Methods

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Isolation and characterization of degradation products of citalopram and process‐related impurities using RP‐HPLC

Isolation and characterization of degradation products of citalopram and process‐related impurities using RP‐HPLC

Simultaneous determination of citalopram and tadalafil by the second derivative synchronous fluorescence method in biological fluids; application of Box–Behnken optimization design

CHARACTERIZATION OF AN UNKNOWN IMPURITY IN CITALOPRAM HYDROBROMIDE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENT BY SEMI-PREPARATIVE ISOLATION AND LC-ESI/MSⁿAND NMR

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Determination of Citalopram in Tablets by HPLC, Densitometric HPTLC, and Videodensitometric HPTLC Methods

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Isolation and characterization of degradation products of citalopram and process‐related impurities using RP‐HPLC

Isolation and characterization of degradation products of citalopram and process‐related impurities using RP‐HPLC

Simultaneous determination of citalopram and tadalafil by the second derivative synchronous fluorescence method in biological fluids; application of Box–Behnken optimization design

CHARACTERIZATION OF AN UNKNOWN IMPURITY IN CITALOPRAM HYDROBROMIDE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENT BY SEMI-PREPARATIVE ISOLATION AND LC-ESI/MSnAND NMR

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CHARACTERIZATION OF AN UNKNOWN IMPURITY IN CITALOPRAM HYDROBROMIDE ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENT BY SEMI-PREPARATIVE ISOLATION AND LC-ESI/MSⁿAND NMR