Determination of Clomipramine Hydrochloride From Its Commercial Drug Form by Voltammetry

Abstract

In this study, electroanalytical technique was developed for the quantitative analysis of clomipramine hydrochloride from its commercial tablet dosage forms based on its oxidation behavior. The electrochemical determination of clomipramine hydrochloride was easily carried out on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by two voltammetric techniques. The electrochemical measurements were carried out on GCE surface in different buffer solutions in the pH range from 2.00 to 12.00 by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. The effect of pH on the anodic peak current and peak potential was investigated. Phosphate buffer (pH 6.50) was selected for analytical purposes. The diffusion-controlled nature of the peak was obtained. A linear calibration plot for DPV analysis was constructed in the clozapine concentration range from 5x10-6 mol L-1 to 3x10-5 mol L-1. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were obtained as 2.8x10-7 mol L-1 and 8.4x10-7 mol L-1 respectively.

Reduction Behavior of Olanzapine and Its Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination in Human Urine and Pharmaceuticals

“…Urine analysis was performed by the standard addition method (Yagmur et al, 2018;Nosal-Wierciñska et al, 2014;Sadikoglu et al, 2011) For this purpose, urine was supplied daily from a volunteer not taking any medication and was diluted (1 mL urine + 9 mL deionized water). The voltammogram was recorded at pH=7.0 in 0.04 M BR buffer (9.4 mL) (blank).…”

“…The cyclic voltammograms for olanzapine at different scan rates in 0.04 M BR buffer (pH 7.00) are given in Figure 4. Because the correlation coefficient of Ip / µA= 0.0936ʋ 1/2 -0.1596 equation was 0.999 and the slope of (logarithm of peak current-logarithm of scan rate) was approximately 0.5 (0.5838), the reduction process was determined to be diffusion-controlled (Yagmur et al, 2018;Engin et al, 2015;Citak et al, 2007) .One cathodic peak with no reverse was seen in the cyclic voltammograms of olanzapine, and as the scan rate increased, more negative peak potentials were seen. This indicated an irreversible electrode reaction…”

“…The SD of the slope and the SD of the intercept are given. For the quantitative detection of olanzapine, the LOD (limit of detection; 3s/m) and the LOQ (limit of quantification; 10 s/m) were calculated (s is the standard deviation of the peak current for five runs, and m is the slope of the calibration curve) (Yılmaz et al, 2013;Engin et al, 2015;Yagmur et al, 2018). For the validation procedure, repeatability and reproducibility of the peak current and the peak potential were examined.…”

“…For quantitative detection and recovery studies for olanzapine in spiked urine, the developed technique was applied to human urine samples by the standard addition method as in the experimental section (Yagmur et al, 2018;Nosal-Wierciñska et al, 2014;Sadikoglu et al, 2011). The voltammograms are given in Figure 7.…”

Determination of Clomipramine using eco-friendly solid-contact ionophore-doped potentiometric sensor

“…Moreover, it was determined in biological fluids by immunoassays in urine [ 14 ], and by chromatography in serum [ 14 , 18 ]. Electrochemical methods of analysis include potentiometric titration stated in the British pharmacopoeia (BP) [ 11 ], direct potentiometric assay by carbon paste electrodes [ 19 , 20 ] and voltammetry [ 21 ].…”