Determination of concentrations of trace elements in nuclear grade graphite by charged particle activation analysis

Zirconium in modern analytical chemistry

“…The application of neutron activation to determining the components of river sediments for the control of industrial pollution, including zirconium, was reported in Baljinnyam, Frontasyeva, and Aleksiayenak (2014), where activation was carried out by fast, thermal and epithermal neutrons of the nuclear reactor. In Datta, Chowdhury, and Verma (2014), the activation of reactor graphite samples was carried out in order to determine microimpurities and create a standard reference material in two ways: reactor neutrons and a proton beam with the energy of 13-18 MeV. The authors point out the important advantages of proton activation for determining microimpurities: the possibility of analysis without a sample dissolving, a larger capture crosssection, and less effect of matrix activation.…”

Geochemical studies of natural graphites by INAA determined trace element concentrations

“…Trace elements (TE) in graphite are of interest due to the practical applications of this material and the purely scientific point of view. For practical reasons mainly the pure graphite is analyzed for its use as a nuclear grade material in reactors, but also as a material for analytical chemistry applications [ 1 – 4 ]. Recently also its different form known as graphene is of much interest.…”