Determination of Crop Water Stress Index by Infrared Thermometry in Grapefruit Trees Irrigated with Saline Reclaimed Water Combined with Deficit Irrigation

Trigueros, Cristina Romero; Gambín, José María Bayona; Tortosa, Pedro Antonio Nortes; Cabañero, Juan José Alarcón; Nicolás, Emilio

doi:10.3390/rs11070757

Cited by 49 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Canopy temperature is recognized as a sound plant water status indicator [6,7,49] and is affected by the prevailing environmental conditions. Rather than absolute Tc values, the difference Shaded lime trees, however, showed lower values for the canopy-to-air temperature difference (T c − T a ) than the trees grown in open-air conditions, particularly in summer, when T c − T a was negative during the greatest part of daylight hours ( Figure 6C).…”

Section: Canopy Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaf Water Relations in Lime Trees Grown under Shade Netting and Open-Air

Mira-García

Conejero

Vera

et al. 2020

Plants

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Physiological plant water status indicators are useful for managing precision irrigation in regions with limited water resources. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of shade netting on the diurnal and seasonal variations of several plant water status indicators in young lime trees (Citrus latifolia Tan., cv. Bearss), grown at the CEBAS-CSIC experimental station in Murcia, Spain. Stem water potential (Ψ stem ), leaf gas exchange (net photosynthesis (P n ) and stomatal conductance (g s )), and canopy temperature (T c ) were measured on representative days of winter and summer. The Ψ stem daily pattern was quite similar in both seasons under both conditions. However, the circadian rhythm of leaf gas exchange was affected by shade conditions, especially in summer, when shaded leaves showed maximum g s values for a longer time, allowing higher net photosynthesis (37%). Canopy temperature behaved similarly in both conditions, nevertheless, lower values were recorded in open-air than in shaded trees in the two seasons. The canopy-to-air temperature difference (T c − T a ), however, was lower in shaded trees during the daylight hours, indicating the higher degree of leaf cooling that was facilitated by high g s values. The possibility of continuously recording T c makes it (or the proposed canopy thermal index, CTI) a promising index for precise irrigation scheduling. Shade netting was seen to favour gas exchange, suggesting that it may be considered alternative to open-air for use in semi-arid areas threatened by climate change.Plants 2020, 9, 510 2 of 14 that integrates the soil and atmosphere water status, as well as measuring the physiological response to the water available in the soil. The most commonly used are the conventional, non-automated methods for measuring leaf or stem water potential, stomatal conductance or photosynthesis, and automated methods for measuring sap flow, canopy temperature, trunk diameter, or leaf turgor pressure [6]. Canopy temperature is one of the plant water status indicators that has recently become popular due to the development of infrared thermometry [6,7]. In the last few years, the use of canopy temperature for irrigation scheduling has been tested in several fruit tree crops, including cherry [8,9] avocado [10], almond [11], nectarine [12], peach [13] and also citrus trees such as lemon [14,15]. However, less information is available concerning lime.Shading, which aims to protect crops against abiotic stresses such as high air temperature or excessive solar radiation, is regarded as a good cropping technique to cope with climatic change. This is likely due to the net increases light scattering, thus reducing radiation and creating an optimal microclimate for crop development [16]. As several studies have pointed out [17,18], shaded conditions affect agrometeorological variables, such as relative humidity, wind velocity and canopy and soil temperatures. Additionally, changes in the microclimate can modify physiological water status indicators. Many authors have pointe...

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Section: Canopy Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Canopy Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf Water Relations in Lime Trees Grown under Shade Netting and Open-Air

Mira-García

Conejero

Vera

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…Thus, techniques for optimizing water productivity as the regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), where water deficits are imposed during phenological periods when the tree is the least sensitive to water stress, and with little impact on fruit yield (Romero-Trigueros et al, 2017) or the use of non-conventional water sources in agriculture as a component of effective water conservation strategies, are required in regions with water scarcity (Romero-Trigueros et al, 2019). Doing so will not prevent a drought from occurring, but it can help in preventing droughts to result in famine and socioeconomic disruption (FAO, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ripening Indices, Olive Yield and Oil Quality in Response to Irrigation With Saline Reclaimed Water and Deficit Strategies

et al. 2019

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The 70% worldwide surface of olive orchards is irrigated. The evaluation of non-conventional water resources and water-saving techniques has gained importance during the last decades in arid and semiarid environments. This study evaluated the effects of irrigation with two water sources: low-cost water DEsalination and SEnsoR Technology (DESERT) desalinated water (DW) ECw ∼1 dS m−1) and reclaimed water (RW) (ECw ∼ 3 dS m−1) combined with two irrigation strategies: full irrigation (FI) (100% of ETc) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI, 50% of ETc) on fruit yield, ripening indices, and oil yield and quality of olive trees cv Arbosana planted in Mediterranean conditions. Our results showed that RW without water restrictions increased the fruit yield by 35% due to a slight increase in the fruit weight and, mainly, to a greater fruit set than the control trees; although this did not result in a higher oil yield (g tree−1) since the oil content per fruit dry weight was reduced. The RDI strategy did not decrease the fruit yield despite the fact that olive weight tended to decrease, and it increased the oil yield by ∼14.5%. The combination of both stresses (RW and RDI) neither decreased the fruit yield; however, it significantly reduced oil yield (25% less in 2018) since oil content per fruit dry weight was strongly reduced (40%) compared to control trees. Both RDI treatments, regardless water source, determined acidity levels in olive paste lower than in FI treatments; however, it reduced oil extractability and fatty yield. The finding about oil quality indicated that olive exposure to RW, regardless of the water amount, decreased oil quality mainly due to the reduction of oleic acid and the increase of C18:2/C18:3 ratio and peroxides; on the contrary, both RW and RDI improved the total polyphenols. In all cases, the parameters met the legislation. In short, with appropriate management, RW and RDI have great potential to manage oil olive production; nevertheless, studies subjected to long-term use of these techniques should be experienced to ensure the sustainability of oil yields and quality.

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“…Thus, monitoring devices such as micrometeorological sensors, surface temperature sensors, or soil water sensors are required. In this context, proximal and remote sensing technologies have recently been developed that can obtain spatial information about plant water status as represented by indices such as the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) or the crop water stress index (CWSI) [87,88]. Determining the drought sensitivity of a certain crop during a season or a particular growth stage is a demanding and long-term task as it often also depends on genotype and location.…”

Section: Deficit Irrigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirements for Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture

Loiskandl

Nolz

2021

Agronomy

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The aim of this review is to present a holistic view on irrigation with respect to local environmental and social conditions. Future irrigation development is addressed with a focus on sustainable development. However, technical irrigation aspects are included and references are provided for further reading and completeness. An irrigation intervention is always a combination of feasible technical, social and environmental aspects. This review provides an overview of the various fields of expertise involved in irrigation interventions and contributes to cross-discipline discussions and understanding. The selected cases demonstrate the bias of human developments and they serve to raise awareness of the impact of human interventions. The practical examples refer mainly to the authors’ project experiences and were selected so as to support pathways for sustainable irrigation development. Placing modern irrigation in relation to sustainable development goals needs a sophisticated holistic approach.

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Determination of Crop Water Stress Index by Infrared Thermometry in Grapefruit Trees Irrigated with Saline Reclaimed Water Combined with Deficit Irrigation

Cited by 49 publications

References 49 publications

Leaf Water Relations in Lime Trees Grown under Shade Netting and Open-Air

Leaf Water Relations in Lime Trees Grown under Shade Netting and Open-Air

Ripening Indices, Olive Yield and Oil Quality in Response to Irrigation With Saline Reclaimed Water and Deficit Strategies

Requirements for Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture

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