Determination of Double Beta Decay Half-Life of
            <sup>136</sup>
            Xe with the PandaX-4T Natural Xenon Detector

Si, Lin; Cheng, Z. K.; Abdukerim, Abdusalam; Bo, Zihao; Chen, Wei; Chen, Xun; Chen, Yunhua; Cheng, C. H.; Cheng, Yunshan; Cui, X. F.; Yang, Fan; Fang, De-Qing; Fu, Changbo; Fu, Mengting; Geng, Li-Sheng; Giboni, Karl; Gu, Linhui; Guo, Xuyuan; Han, K.; He, Changda; He, Jinrong; Huang, Di; Huang, Yanlin; Huang, Zhongqiang; Hou, Ruquan; Ji, Xiangdong; Ju, Yonglin; Li, Chenxiang; Li, Jiafu; Li, Mingchuan; Li, Shu; Li, Shuaijie; Lin, Q.; Liu, Jianglai; Lu, Xiaoying; Luo, Lingyin; Yunyang, Luo,; Ma, Wenbo; Ma, Yugang; Mao, Y.; Meng, Y.; Shaheed, Nasir; Shang, Xiaofeng; Ning, Xuyang; Qi, Ningchun; Qian, Zhou; Ren, Xiangxiang; Shang, Changsong; Shen, Guangqiu; Sun, Wenliang; Tan, Andi; Tao, Yi; Wang, Andrew; Wang, Meng; Wang, Qiuhong; Wang, Shaobo; Wang, Siguang; Wang, Wei; Wang, Xiuli; Wang, Zhou; Wei, Y.; Wu, M.; Wu, Weihao; Xia, Jingkai; Xiao, M.; Xiao, Xiang; Xie, Pengwei; Yan, Binbin; Yan, Xiyu; Yang, Jijun; Yang, Y.; Yu, C. X.; Yuan, Jumin; Yuan, Ying; Yuan, Zhe; Zhang, Dan; Zhang, Minzhen; Zhang, Peng; Zhang, Shibo; Zhang, Shu; Zhang, Tao; Zhao, Li; Zheng, Qibin; Zhou, Jifang; Zhou, N.; Zhou, Xiaopeng; Zhou, Yong

doi:10.34133/2022/9798721

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The de-saturation algorithm presumes that the rising edge of a waveform remains unaffected even if the later part of the waveform is distorted. The presumption is validated by the improved detector position and energy reconstruction improvement in the PandaX-4T data [6]. However, this method has a large uncertainty due to the fluctuation of the rising edge of the saturated waveform.…”

Section: Jinst 19 P05021mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Traditional dark matter direct detection experiments, such as PandaX-4T [3], XENONnT [4], and LZ [5], have transitioned to the multi-ton-scale stage and expanded the physics reach beyond dark matter. LXe detectors also explore additional physics, including double beta decay of 136 Xe [6][7][8][9], double electron capture of 124 Xe [10], and solar 8 B neutrino searches using coherently elastic nuclear scattering (CE𝜈NS) [11,12]. The energy range of interest spans from sub-keV to a few MeV, necessitating a stringent energy response in terms of linearity and resolution for dark matter and neutrino physics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this design choice resulted in PMT waveform distortion and a non-linear energy response for signals at the MeV level. To mitigate this effect, a de-saturation algorithm was developed for double beta decay analysis [6,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvement on the linearity response of PandaX-4T with new photomultiplier tube bases

Luo,

Fang,

Han

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

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With the expanding reach of physics, xenon-based detectors such as PandaX-4T in the China Jinping Underground Laboratory aim to cover an energy range from sub-keV to multi-MeV. A linear response of the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) is required for both scintillation and electroluminescence signals. Through a dedicated bench test, we investigated the cause of the non-linear response in the Hamamatsu R11410-23 PMTs used in PandaX-4T. The saturation and suppression of the PMT waveform observed during the commissioning of PandaX-4T were caused by the high-voltage divider base. The bench test data validated the de-saturation algorithm used in the PandaX-4T data analysis. We also confirmed the improvement in linearity of a new PMT base design with three more low radioactivity capacitors at later dynodes, which will be used to upgrade the PMT readout system in PandaX-4T.

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Section: Jinst 19 P05021mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvement on the linearity response of PandaX-4T with new photomultiplier tube bases

Luo,

Fang,

Han

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

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“…Finally, the current generation of detectors will set constraints on the 0νββ-decays of 136Xe and 134Xe, as predicted or shown in [11,57–59], see figure 9 a . In spite of relative energy resolutions (σ/μ) of 0.8% and 0.67% [25,26] at high energies, the attainable half-lives are not competitive to dedicated experiments such as KamLAND-Zen [61] and the proposed nEXO [62].…”

Section: Second-order Weak Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-phase xenon time projection chambers for rare-event searches

Baudis

2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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In the past decade, dual-phase xenon time projection chambers (Xe-TPCs) have emerged as some of the most powerful detectors in the fields of astroparticle physics and rare-event searches. Developed primarily towards the direct detection of dark matter particles, experiments presently operating deep underground have reached target masses at the multi-tonne scale, energy thresholds of approximately 1 keV and radioactivity-induced background rates similar to those from solar neutrinos. These unique properties, together with demonstrated stable operation over several years, allow for the exploration of new territory via high-sensitivity searches for a plethora of ultra-rare interactions. These include searches for particle dark matter, for second-order weak decays, and the observation of astrophysical neutrinos. We first review some properties of xenon as a radiation detection medium and the operation principles of dual-phase Xe-TPCs together with their energy calibration and resolution. We then discuss the status of currently running experiments and of proposed next-generation projects, describing some of the technological challenges. We end by looking at their sensitivity to dark matter candidates, to second-order weak decays and to solar and supernova neutrinos. Experiments based on dual-phase Xe-TPCs are difficult and, like all good experiments, they are constantly pushed to their limits. Together with many other endeavours in astroparticle physics and cosmology they will continue to push at the borders of the unknown, hopefully to reveal profound new knowledge about our cosmos. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The particle-gravity frontier’.

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“…The recent increase of new results in the field of DBD studies is due to significant development of various detector techniques (scintillators [5][6][7], semiconductor detectors [8,9], bolometers [10,11], scintillating bolometers [12][13][14], time-projection chambers [15][16][17][18], and tracking calorimeters [19,20]), the establishment of highly effective deep material purification, and last but not least, the development of high quality crystals with embedded and highly-enriched isotopes of interest (e.g. CaF 2 , high purity 76 Ge, TeO 2 , Zn 82 Se, 106 CdWO 4 , 116 CdWO 4 , Li 2 100 MoO 4 , Ca 100 MoO 4 , Zn 100 MoO 4 ) [21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO-based scintillating bolometers: new prospects to study double beta decay of ⁶⁴Zn

Armatol

Dumoulin

et al. 2023

J. Inst.

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The first detailed study on the performance of a ZnO-based cryogenic scintillating bolometer as a detector to search for rare processes in zinc isotopes was carried out. A 7.2 g ZnO low-temperature detector, containing more than 80% of zinc in its mass, exhibits good energy resolution of baseline noise 1.0–2.7 keV FWHM at various working temperatures resulting in a low-energy threshold for the experiment, 2.0–6.0 keV. The light yield for β/γ events was measured as 1.5(3) keV/MeV, while it varies for α particles in the range of 0.2–3.0 keV/MeV. The detector demonstrates an effective identification of β/γ events from α events using time-properties of only heat signals. The radiopurity of the ZnO crystal was evaluated using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, an ultra-low-background High Purity Ge γ-spectrometer, and bolometric measurements. Only limits were set at the level of 𝒪(1–100) mBq/kg on activities of 40K, 137Cs and daughter nuclides from the U/Th natural decay chains. The total internal α-activity was measured as 22(2) mBq/kg, with a major contribution caused by 6(1) mBq/kg of 232Th and 12(2) mBq/kg of 234U. Limits on double beta decay (DBD) processes in ^64Zn and 70Zn isotopes were set on the level of 𝒪(1017–1018) yr for various decay modes, profiting from 271 h of acquired background data in the above-ground lab. This study shows a good potential for ZnO-based scintillating bolometers to search for DBD processes of Zn isotopes, especially in 64Zn, with the most prominent spectral features at ∼ 10–20 keV, like the two-neutrino double electron capture. A 10 kg-scale experiment can reach the experimental sensitivity at the level of 𝒪(1024) yr.

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Determination of Double Beta Decay Half-Life of ¹³⁶ Xe with the PandaX-4T Natural Xenon Detector

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Improvement on the linearity response of PandaX-4T with new photomultiplier tube bases

Improvement on the linearity response of PandaX-4T with new photomultiplier tube bases

Dual-phase xenon time projection chambers for rare-event searches

ZnO-based scintillating bolometers: new prospects to study double beta decay of ⁶⁴Zn

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Determination of Double Beta Decay Half-Life of 136 Xe with the PandaX-4T Natural Xenon Detector

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Improvement on the linearity response of PandaX-4T with new photomultiplier tube bases

Improvement on the linearity response of PandaX-4T with new photomultiplier tube bases

Dual-phase xenon time projection chambers for rare-event searches

ZnO-based scintillating bolometers: new prospects to study double beta decay of 64Zn

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Determination of Double Beta Decay Half-Life of ¹³⁶ Xe with the PandaX-4T Natural Xenon Detector

ZnO-based scintillating bolometers: new prospects to study double beta decay of ⁶⁴Zn