Determination of drugs in river and wastewaters using solid-phase extraction by packed multi-walled carbon nanotubes and liquid chromatography–quadrupole-linear ion trap-mass spectrometry

Simultaneous determination of naproxen, ibuprofen and diclofenac in wastewater using solid-phase extraction with high performance liquid chromatography

“…These organic compounds are polar and acidic. Both naproxen and diclofenac have a pKa value of 4.2, whereas that of ibuprofen is 4.9 (Table 1) (Dahane et al, 2013). NSAIDs are widely used by humans for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (Mahkam and Poorgholy, 2011).…”

Nanomaterials as tools in chromatographic methods

“…Also, the small particle size of the CNTs results in compaction of the sorbent when relatively high flow rates are used, which forces to decrease the flow rate, lengthening significatively the preconcentration time when high sample volumes are used. This situation is shown in a method for the determination of several therapeutic drugs in water samples using MWCNTs, with an average external diameter of 6 -13 nm and a length of 2.5 -20 µm, as the sorbent material in SPE, previous to the determination using LC-MS [12]. The use of the MWCNT cartridge allowed a flow rate of 1 mL min -1 , whereas commercial Oasis columns allow flow rates in the range of 10-A possible solution to this problem is the use of a MWCNTs/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) cryogel composite, which has been described for the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water samples [13].…”

Determination of Pharmaceutical Pollutants in River Environment by the SPELC- MS/MS Method: A Mini Review

“…To perform an efficient SPE with a satisfactory rate of collection of the target substance it is indispensable to optimize the extraction conditions. Therefore, it is important to optimize the pH of the water sample loaded onto the stationary phase [34,38,40] and the volume of the sample loaded onto the stationary phase [35,40,41]. It is also essential to clean up impurities [25,38,41] and choose an eluent well suited to elution of the target component [34,40,41].…”