Determination of energy transfer parameters in Er3+-doped and Er3+, Pr3+-codoped ZBLAN glasses

Abstract

A detailed characterization of energy level lifetimes and energy-transfer processes in Er3+-doped and Er3+, Pr3+-codoped ZBLAN bulk glasses is presented. Energy transfer upconversion parameters from the Er3+ 4I13/2 and 4I11/2 levels have been measured and are compared to energy transfer from Er3+ to a Pr3+ codopant. To assess the practicality of energy transfer a high power, diode pumped, 3 μm, Er3+, Pr3+-codoped ZBLAN fiber laser is presented.

Recent Advances in 3.5 μm Erbium-Doped Mid-Infrared Fiber Lasers

“…They found that this ratio held for doping densities up to almost 4 mol% doping of Er 3+ ions [34], [35], which is considerably higher than the doping densities used in our experiment (0.5 mol%). We therefore used their result for the excited state population ratio of 33% and 66% for the 4 I 13/2 and 4 I 11/2 levels' occupation, respectively.…”

Spectroscopic excitation and quenching processes in rare-earth-ion-doped AI203 and their impact on amplifier and laser performance

“…We observe that W ETU2 is a factor of approximately 2.3 smaller than W ETU1 , because energy migration with its corresponding C DD parameter is significantly slower in the second compared to the first excited state. A similar quantitative behavior was observed also in ZBLAN glass [99]. …”

“…2.3 in Chapter 2. This approach leads to the following rate equation and form for the temporal dynamics of the excited-state population density N 1 (t), respectively [99]:…”

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“…This is because it results in de-population of the 4 I 13/2 level, reducing the population inversion compared to the 4 I 15/2 level and therefore the maximum gain that can be achieved. In the most straightforward model, the upconversion rate is determined by a macroscopic material-dependent parameter W ETU and is proportional to the square of the population density of the Er level from which it occurs [132,133]. The upconversion rate can be represented as follows:…”