Determination of essential oil components, mineral matter, and heavy metal content of Salviavirgata Jacq. grown in culture conditions

Abstract

Introduction Most members of the family Lamiaceae have considerable importance in areas such as medicine, food, cosmetics, and perfumery, as they are rich in essential oils, aromatic oils, and secondary metabolites. Sage, a member of this family, is the generic name for species in the genus Salvia, which has approximately 900 species worldwide (Dweck, 2000). There are 99 species of the genus Salvia L. in Turkey; 51 of these species are endemic. Turkey is one of the important gene centers for Salvia species (Güner et al., 2012). These species include annual, perennial, and biennial plants in bush form. As important medical plants since ancient times, the leaves, flowers, shoot tips, and partial stems of Salvia species are all utilized. In folk medicine, sage leaves are valued for the treatment of many disorders and have been used for their soothing properties, for pain relief and prevention of colds and coughs, for lowering blood pressure, and for sweat-breaking; they have been used as expectorants, disinfectants, and muscle pain relievers, and as a part of midwifery practice (Sarı et al., 2012; Bayram et al., 2016). Consumption of these species as herbal teas is quite common, as well. Salvia species appeal to a wide range of consumer groups due to their characteristics, and because they are used in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries their market potential is quite high. The S. virgata species belonging to the genus Salvia is a perennial and herbaceous plant that can grow up to 30-100 cm high with an erect and highly branched structure. The leaves are simple, usually scattered on the body, sometimes collected on the base. The flower is a compound cluster. The petals are violet, blue, or mauve, rarely white, and it favors a wide variety of habitats such as shrubland, forests, meadows, low fields, limestone and volcanic rocks, and roadsides (

Iron–Lysine Mediated Alleviation of Chromium Toxicity in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Plants in Relation to Morpho-Physiological Traits and Iron Uptake When Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater

“…Heavy metals are omnipresent pollutants of the environment, and their unnecessary level in arable soil can pose serious threats not only to normal plant growth and development, but also to human health [1][2][3][4]. Agricultural land uses 70% of tannery wastewater due to the shortage of fresh water extremely prominent in different regions around the world.…”

Constructing a Core Collection of the Medicinal Plant Angelica biserrata Using Genetic and Metabolic Data

“…Duhuo is broadly applied in TCM to treat inflammation, arthritis, and headache due to its diverse functions of winddispelling, dampness-eliminating, cold-dispersing, and painrelief (Chen et al, 1995;Li et al, 2017;Ma J. H. et al, 2019). Moreover, the aromatic contents of A. biserrata are also useful for both medicinal and industrial applications (Zia-Ul-Haq et al, 2014;Senkal et al, 2019). Over 500 compounds have been identified in A. biserrata, of which the coumarins osthole and columbianadin, and volatile oils are the main active ingredients (Liu et al, 1995;Yang et al, 2015;Markus et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2018).…”

Chemometric Analysis Evidencing the Variability in the Composition of Essential Oils in 10 Salvia Species from Different Taxonomic Sections or Phylogenetic Clades

“…Previous studies were performed on the EO of S. virgata from Iran [18,[83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90] and Turkey [28,91,92] (Supplementary Materials Table S2). Overall, E-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide have mainly been found as the major components, while sesquiterpenes were the principal group in the S. virgata EOs from Iran [74].…”