Determination of factors affecting post-partum depression in primary healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Postpartum depression is a phenomenon that occurs in the first postpartum days. Symptoms of postpartum depression peak on days 3 to 5 postpartum with a duration ranging from a few hours to several days. Of course, this will be different during the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to analyze the determinants that influence the incidence of post-partum depression in primary health during the pandemic. The method in this research is descriptive analysis with cross sectional approach with a total sample of 100 respondents. The research instrument used a standard instrument, namely the EPDS (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) instrument. The results of the study were the determinant factors of parity in primigravida and attitudes. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the dominant factors that greatly influence the risk of post-partum depression in women in primary health during the pandemic are parity (primigravida) and the attitude of women who take it for granted when they know that they are at risk of post-partum depression.

Postpartum Depression and Its Contributing Factors among Mothers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in North Jakarta, Indonesia

“…For instance, Nurbaeti et al (2019) found that 19.88% of postpartum mothers in South Jakarta, Indonesia, experienced depressive symptoms following childbirth. More recently, a study by Solikhah et al (2022) found that 57% of mothers experienced PPD in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. In the general population, Sarfika et al ( 2021) found higher about 71.70% of the population in Indonesia with depressive symptomatology during the pandemic.…”

“…Studies on PPD were conducted in various countries during the COVID-19 pandemic (Safi-Keykaleh et al, 2022;Shuman et al, 2022;Usmani et al, 2021). Meanwhile in Indonesia, Solikhah et al (2022) found that the determinant factor of PPD during the COVID-19 was first-time mothers and attitudes. At the same time, other factors have not been documented.…”

Enhancing breastfeeding self-efficacy in the postpartum period through emotional release with self-talk method

“…4 Postpartum period is recognized as a transitional phase in a woman's life when she assumes the role of a mother, significantly impacting her emotions. 5 During this period, there are changes in various aspects such as role, responsibility, identity, physicality, and social dynamics. [6][7] The fluctuations in steroid hormone levels play a crucial role in emotion processing, affecting reactivity within a network that includes the amygdala, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and the prefrontal cortex.…”

“…11 These factors contribute to a mother's susceptibility to psychological breakdown. 5 Postpartum encompasses various psychological breakdowns, including postpartum blues, baby blues, postpartum depression, and postpartum psychosis. 13,14 The International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) defines postpartum depression as a mental and behavioral disorder.…”