Determination of famoxadone, fenamidone, fenhexamid and iprodione residues in greenhouse tomatoes

Abstract

Care should be taken when using pesticides in greenhouse conditions, because degradation mainly affects fruit growth. The size of the tomato, in particular its surface/weight ratio, is very important for defining pesticide residues. All fungicides used showed residue levels below the MRLs at the preharvest interval.

Monitoring pesticide residues in greenhouse tomato by combining acetonitrile-based extraction with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas-chromatography–mass spectrometry

“…cides, such as, fenhexamid (Angioni et al, 2011), azoxystrobin and cyprodinil (Garau, Angioni, Del Real, Russo, & Cabras, 2002).…”

“…QuEChERS analyses based on acetonitrile extraction of difference classes of pesticide residues that are widely used to control tomato pests, are also described (Angioni et al, 2011;Lehotay et al, 2010;Likas et al, 2007). Advantages of this methodology are its flexibility, high degree of selectivity and sensitivity (Anastassiades, Lehotay, Štajnbaher, & Schenck, 2003;Lehotay, Maštovskaá, & Yun, 2005).…”

“…Miniaturized sample preparation methods for analyzing pesticide residues in tomato matrix have been reported (Angioni et al, 2011;Bidari et al, 2011;Lehotay et al, 2010;Likas et al, 2007;Sannino & Bandini, 2005). QuEChERS analyses based on acetonitrile extraction of difference classes of pesticide residues that are widely used to control tomato pests, are also described (Angioni et al, 2011;Lehotay et al, 2010;Likas et al, 2007).…”

“…Moreover, in greenhouses the cultures follow up each other in a non-stop rotation by the virtually year-round culture of crops, allowing the survival of pests and diseases. Indeed, greenhouse requirements for best tomato production are also favorable for development of fungal diseases, such as late blight (Phytophtora infestans) and gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) (Angioni, Porcu, & Dedola, 2011). Also, insects and mites are ever-present in greenhouses and so, insecticides are widely used in tomato protection programs (Nelson, 1998).…”

Enantioseparation and Determination of the Chiral Fungicide Furametpyr Enantiomers in Rice, Soil, and Water by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography

“…Pesticides are widely used in the field of plant protection, and it has been estimated that more than 40% of pesticides currently used in China are chiral . The enantiomers of a chiral pesticide have identical physicochemical properties, while sometimes they obviously differ in bioactivity, toxicity, and environmental fate in asymmetry systems .…”