Determination of fatty acid ethyl esters in hair by GC–MS and application in a population of cocaine users

Politi, Lucia; Mari, Francesco; Furlanetto, Sandra; Bravo, Ester Del; Bertol, Elisabetta

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2010.11.032

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Moreover, ACN avoided the conversion of FAEEs to methyl esters that occurs when using MeOH [32]. We have consolidated experience of FAEE detection by means of gas chromatography, mass spectrometry [33,34] but LC-MS/MS allowed us to obtain a faster chromatographic run and a higher sensitivity. Since FAEEs and EtG present strongly different chemical features and ionization yields, a simultaneous chromatographic run was not possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

A novel, simultaneous extraction of FAEE and EtG from meconium and analysis by LC-MS/MS

et al. 2016

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Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) and ethyl-glucuronide (EtG) in meconium have been widely studied as biomarkers of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Many analytical approaches have been proposed for their analysis, mostly consisting of separated extraction procedures requiring the use of two meconium aliquots. This study aimed to validate a new analytical procedure for the simultaneous extraction of FAEEs and EtG from a meconium aliquot through a single solid-phase extraction (SPE) applied to 242 anonymized samples of meconium. Targeted FAEEs were: ethyl-myristate (Myr), ethyl-palmitate (Pal), ethyl-oleate (Ole) and ethyl-stearate (Ste). Two hundred milligrams of meconium was sonicated with acetonitrile, and a single SPE performed by means of aminopropyl columns. FAEEs were eluted with hexane, followed by EtG elution with water. Both the mixtures were dried, recovered, and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using C8 (FAEEs) and C18 (EtG) columns. Transitions were: m/z 257 → 57,88, Myr; m/z 262 → 57,88, Myr-d5; m/z 285 → 57, 72, Pal; m/z 290 → 57,258, Pal-d5; m/z 311 → 72,114, Ole; m/z 316 → 72,265, Ole-d5; m/z 257 → 57,72 Ste; m/z 318 → 57,286, Ste-d5; m/z 221 → 75,85, EtG; m/z 226 → 75,85, EtG-d5. Lower limit of quantification range was 10-15 ng/g for FAEEs and 10 ng/g for EtG. Linearity was evaluated for different concentration ranges; the mean coefficients of determination (R (2)) were above 0.9961. Precision and accuracy for FAEEs and EtG were consistently ≤20 % and ±20 %, respectively. Ion suppression was observed for all the analytes. Matrix effect did not significantly affect the analyses. Recovery efficiency was 93 % for EtG and 75-85 % for FAEEs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

A novel, simultaneous extraction of FAEE and EtG from meconium and analysis by LC-MS/MS

et al. 2016

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“…Investigations of FAEEs accumulation in hair have been proposed by Pragst and colleagues [39,[82][83][84] to monitor alcohol consumption. FAEEs are a group of more than 20 substances formed from ethanol and free fatty acids by the action of FAEEs synthetases found in the liver future science group Matrices to assess perinatal exposure to drugs of abuse Review but also in the hair root [82][83][84][85][86][87][88]. FAEEs can be detected in maternal blood, hair and tissues from different species after maternal ethanol consumption [36].…”

Section: Uplc-ms/msmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FAEEs can be detected in maternal blood, hair and tissues from different species after maternal ethanol consumption [36]. The analysis of hair FAEESs implies headspace SPME and GC-MS after a washing procedure with n-heptane and extraction with a dymethyl sulfoxide-n-heptane mixture [87] or more recently GC-MS/MS [88]. Kulaga and colleagues evaluated the presence of FAEEs in 324 maternal hair samples.…”

Section: Uplc-ms/msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and Neonatal Hair and Breast Milk in The Assessment of Perinatal Exposure to Drugs of Abuse

et al. 2015

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Perinatal exposure to one or more drugs of abuse can affect the neonate temporarily or permanently. In addition to meconium, the evaluation of perinatal exposure to drugs of abuse has been achieved by testing biological matrices coming from the newborn (neonatal hair) and from the pregnant or nursing mother (maternal hair and breast milk). These matrices have the advantage of noninvasive collection and account for a sizable time window of active and passive exposure. Sensitive and specific analytical methods are required to determine minute amounts of drugs of abuse and metabolites in these matrices. The present manuscript reviews the newest analytical methods developed to detect drugs of abuse as well as ethanol biomarkers in maternal and neonatal hair and breast milk.

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“…The fatty acid profile in biological samples is usually obtained by measuring their corresponding fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) using gas chromatography= mass spectrometry (GC=MS) (Politi et al 2011;Hutson et al 2009). It is a traditional technique in terms of highly standardized sample preparation procedures, affordability, and readily available library investigation for compound identification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Fatty Acid Composition and Biomarkers Discovery for Type 2 Diabetic Patients Based on Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole/Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2012

Analytical Letters

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Determination of fatty acid ethyl esters in hair by GC–MS and application in a population of cocaine users

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

A novel, simultaneous extraction of FAEE and EtG from meconium and analysis by LC-MS/MS

A novel, simultaneous extraction of FAEE and EtG from meconium and analysis by LC-MS/MS

Maternal and Neonatal Hair and Breast Milk in The Assessment of Perinatal Exposure to Drugs of Abuse

Urinary Fatty Acid Composition and Biomarkers Discovery for Type 2 Diabetic Patients Based on Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole/Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

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