Maternal and Neonatal Hair and Breast Milk in The Assessment of Perinatal Exposure to Drugs of Abuse

Joya, Xavier; Pacifici, Roberta; Salat-Batlle, Judith; Garcı́a-Algar, Óscar; Pichini, Simona

doi:10.4155/bio.15.60

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(209 reference statements)

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“…The interpretation of the analytical results in the different biological matrices tries to determine when the exposure happened during the pregnancy (first, second, or third trimester), for how long (sporadic or frequent) and what amount of drugs were consumed by the mother. Maternal hair shows the longest window of detection and it has been used to monitor drug exposure during pregnancy . Maternal hair is considered the most sensitive specimens to detect drug consumption during this period .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maternal hair shows the longest window of detection and it has been used to monitor drug exposure during pregnancy. [19] Maternal hair is considered the most sensitive specimens to detect drug consumption during this period. [18,24] In the present study, also maternal hair was the most sensitive biological sample to detect drug use or abuse during the whole pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The determination of drugs and metabolites in biological specimens from the mother (urine, blood/plasma, oral fluid, sweat), from the newborn (urine, meconium, and hair) and from the foetal‐maternal unit (amniotic fluid, placenta, and umbilical cord) offers objective evidence of this exposure. Previously published reviews discussed the advantages and disadvantages of some of these matrices; however, data about the alternative matrices placenta and umbilical cord are scarce . Also the interpretation of the analytical results of the neonatal biological samples in terms of window of detection and degree of exposure is still not well established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Bioanalysis for cocaine, opiates, methadone, and amphetamines exposure detection during pregnancy

Concheiro

Lendoiro

Castro

et al. 2016

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Drug exposure during pregnancy constitutes a major legal issue and a public health concern. Drug and metabolite determination in biological matrices from mother and newborn is an objective indication of prenatal drug exposure. However, limited data are available regarding the interpretation of these analytical results in terms of window of detection and degree of exposure. We collected paired maternal hair, meconium, placenta, and umbilical cord from 727 mother-newborn dyads. We analyzed these specimens by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of cocaine, opioids, methadone, and amphetamines, and compared the analytical results from the four different matrices. The cases were divided in non-exposure, low, and frequent exposure, based on maternal hair concentrations and segmental analysis by trimesters. For cocaine, 62 cases tested positive in hair, 9 in meconium, 6 in placenta and 7 in umbilical cord. In the case of opioids, 14 maternal hair cases were positive, 11 meconium and umbilical cord and 9 placenta samples. For methadone, 11 cases were positive in hair, 9 in meconium and 6 in placenta and umbilical cord. For amphetamines, 18 cases were positive according to maternal hair, but all meconium, placenta, and umbilical cord tested negative. Maternal hair was the most sensitive specimen to detect drug exposure during pregnancy. Meconium, placenta, and umbilical cord tested positive if hair concentrations showed frequent drug use during the whole pregnancy, especially during the third trimester. Meconium, placenta, and umbilical cord also tested positive for morphine and metabolites, if this drug was administered during labour and delivery. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Bioanalysis for cocaine, opiates, methadone, and amphetamines exposure detection during pregnancy

Concheiro

Lendoiro

Castro

et al. 2016

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…At a subsequent visit during the end of the first trimester or in the early second trimester of each participant’s pregnancy (mean ± SD = 18 ± 0.61 weeks of gestation), we interviewed the participant and collected a hair sample (approximately 1 inch of hair was cut nearest the scalp). As hair grows at approximately 1 cm in length per month, one cm from the scalp represents the exposure from approximately the past month, and hair samples are easier to obtain and handle than biological fluids 27-30 . The questions inquiring about ENDS were: 1) ‘Have you ever “vaped” using e-cigarettes, e-cigs, electronic cigarettes, e-hookahs, mods, pods, cartomizers, clearomizers, or tanks?’, and 2) ‘During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use an electronic vapor product?’.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems by pregnant women II: Hair biomarkers for exposures to nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines

Clemens¹,

Cárdenas²,

Fischbach³

et al. 2019

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTION Public awareness of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has increased over time, and the perception that ENDS offer a safer alternative to cigarettes may lead some pregnant women to use them to reduce cigarette smoking during pregnancy. No previous studies have used metabolite levels in hair to measure nicotine exposure for ENDS users during pregnancy. We aimed to measure and compare levels of nicotine, cotinine, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) in hair samples from pregnant women who were current ENDS users, current smokers, and current non-smokers. We also aimed to estimate the association between ENDS use/smoking and smallness for gestational age (SGA). METHODS We used hair specimens from pregnant women who were dual users (ENDS and cigarettes), smokers, and non-smokers from a prospective cohort study to estimate exposure to nicotine, cotinine, and TSNAs. The exposure biomarkers and self-reports of smoking and ENDS use were used in log-binomial regression models to estimate risk ratios (RRs) for SGA among offspring. RESULTS Nicotine concentrations for pregnant dual users were not significantly different from those for smokers (11.0 and 10.6 ng/mg hair, respectively; p=0.58). Similarly, levels of cotinine, and TSNAs for pregnant dual users were not lower than those for smokers. The RR for SGA was similar for dual users and smokers relative to nonsmokers, (RR=3.5, 95% CI: 0.8–14.8) and (RR=3.3, 95% CI: 0.9–11.6), respectively. Using self-reports confirmed by hair nicotine, the RR values for dual ENDS users and smokers were 8.3 (95% CI: 1.0–69.1) and 7.3 (95% CI:1.0–59.0), respectively. CONCLUSIONS We did not observe lower levels of nicotine, cotinine, and TSNAs for current dual users compared to smokers during pregnancy. The risk of SGA for offspring of pregnant dual users was similar to that for offspring of pregnant smokers. Future studies are needed to further estimate the magnitude of the association between ENDS use and smallness for gestational age.

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“…They can not only reflect long-term exposure because of their sub-centimeter monthly growth rates, but are also relatively easy to collect and store in comparison with biological fluids. Based on these merits, in forensic studies, clinical applications using hair and nail samples have been actively studied, and several papers on nicotine and its metabolites have been published [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Nicotine Metabolites in Hair and Nails Using QuEChERS Method Followed by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2020

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Many studies have analyzed nicotine metabolites in blood and urine to determine the toxicity caused by smoking, and assess exposure to cigarettes. Recently, hair and nails have been used as alternative samples for the evaluation of smoking, as not only do they reflect long-term exposure but they are also stable and easy to collect. Liquid-liquid or solid-phase extraction has mainly been used to detect nicotine metabolites in biological samples; however, these have disadvantages, such as the use of toxic organic solvents and complex pretreatments. In this study, a modified QuEChERS method was proposed for the first time to prepare samples for the detection of nicotine metabolite cotinine (COT) and trans-3′-hydroxycotinine (3-HCOT) in hair and nails. High-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was used to analyze traces of nicotine metabolites. The established method was validated for selectivity, linearity, lower limit of quantitation, accuracy, precision and recovery. In comparison with conventional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), the proposed method was more robust, and resulted in higher recoveries with favorable analytical sensitivity. Using this method, clinical samples from 26 Korean infants were successfully analyzed. This method is expected to be applicable in the routine analysis of nicotine metabolites for environmental and biological exposure monitoring.

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Maternal and Neonatal Hair and Breast Milk in The Assessment of Perinatal Exposure to Drugs of Abuse

Cited by 23 publications

References 133 publications

Bioanalysis for cocaine, opiates, methadone, and amphetamines exposure detection during pregnancy

Bioanalysis for cocaine, opiates, methadone, and amphetamines exposure detection during pregnancy

Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems by pregnant women II: Hair biomarkers for exposures to nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines

Analysis of Nicotine Metabolites in Hair and Nails Using QuEChERS Method Followed by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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