Determination of fluorine in aqueous samples by electrothermal vaporisation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS)

Analysis of Fluorine in Drinking Water by ICP-QMS/QMS with an Octupole Reaction Cell

“…However, there are only several reports about the measurement of fluorine by ICP-MS. [3][4][5][6] There are two major reasons for the difficulty of fluorine measurement by ICP-MS. One reason is that the ionization of fluorine is very difficult, even at extremely high temperature of argon plasma (ca. 7500 K) 7 due to a higher ionization energy required for fluorine (17.4228 eV) than that for argon (15.7596 eV 5 Okamoto has reported an electrothermal vaporization (ETV-) ICP-MS technique for fluorine analysis, 4 in which the ionization of fluorine was improved by lowering the introduction of water mist into the ICP-MS. Hayashi et al have reported a low-pressure helium ICP-MS for a highly sensitive analysis of fluorine, 6 taking advantage of a higher ionization energy of helium (24.5874 eV) as the plasma gas and improved the ionization of fluorine. Bu et al have reported a technique based on high-resolution (HR-) ICP-MS, 5 in which the isobaric interferences were spectrally separated at a resolution of (m/Δm = ~4000).…”

Indirect determination of fluoride in aqueous samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry following precipitation of CeF3

“…This can be avoided by using method of standard addition. The detection limit of the proposed method is in the same range as with other atomic spectroscopic possibilities used for fluorine determination [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Determination of phosphorus, sulfur and the halogens using high-temperature molecular absorption spectrometry in flames and furnaces—A review

“…Chlorine and fluorine, however, have too high ionization potentials and cannot be determined reasonably by this technique, at least when they are introduced in solution. When using a "dry" aerosol, however, as with ETV or laser ablation, more energy is available for the ionization of these elements, making possible even the determination of fluorine [52].…”