Determination of fossil carbon content in Swedish waste fuel by four different methods

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the content of fossil carbon in waste combusted in Sweden by using four different methods at seven geographically spread combustion plants. In total, the measurement campaign included 42 solid samples, 21 flue gas samples, 3 sorting analyses and 2 investigations using the balance method. The fossil carbon content in the solid samples and in the flue gas samples was determined using (14)C-analysis. From the analyses it was concluded that about a third of the carbon in mixed Swedish waste (municipal solid waste and industrial waste collected at Swedish industry sites) is fossil. The two other methods (the balance method and calculations from sorting analyses), based on assumptions and calculations, gave similar results in the plants in which they were used. Furthermore, the results indicate that the difference between samples containing as much as 80% industrial waste and samples consisting of solely municipal solid waste was not as large as expected. Besides investigating the fossil content of the waste, the project was also established to investigate the usability of various methods. However, it is difficult to directly compare the different methods used in this project because besides the estimation of emitted fossil carbon the methods provide other information, which is valuable to the plant owner. Therefore, the choice of method can also be controlled by factors other than direct determination of the fossil fuel emissions when considering implementation in the combustion plants.

Effect of co-contaminated soil mixtures as fixed/fluidized bed media on pollutants emission under thermal treatment

“…It poses a threat to the environment because the used lube oil contains toxic heavy metals which resulted from oil additives, mechanical wear, and chemical corrosion (Bradl 2005;Hu et al 2013). Different kinds of anthropogenic activities such as improper disposal of refinery wastes, leaking petroleum storage tanks, former train stations and railroads, industrialized areas, landfills, and mining sites have all become the source of lube oils and heavy metals (Alloway 2013;Jones et al 2013;Nordmark et al 2011;Rutkowska et al 2015;Torres et al 2007;Osman 2014;Wiłkomirski et al 2011). In this study, this soil is called co-contaminated soil.…”

Anteil erneuerbarer Energien und klimarelevante CO2-Emissionen aus der thermischen Verwertung von Abfällen in Österreich

“…Der fossile Emissionsfaktor für diese Anlage liegt demnach bei 51,5 kg CO2,foss/GJ und damit 21 % über dem Gesamtmittelwert. Ein klarer Zusammenhang zwischen dem Anteil an Industrie-oder Gewerbeabfällen zu Siedlungsabfällen und dem fossilen Kohlenstoffanteil im Abfall konnte jedoch auch in anderen Studien nicht erkannt werden, wobei durchaus große Variationen bei verschiedenen Szenarien zur Zusammensetzung und Sammel-systemen berichtet werden (Fuglsang et al 2014;Horttanainen et al 2013;Jones et al 2013;Larsen und Astrup 2011;Larsen et al 2013).…”

The study on biomass fraction estimate methodology of municipal solid waste incinerator in Korea

“…Schematic of the field setup for incineration gas sampling. (Jones et al, 2013;Staber et al, 2008;DS/CEN/TS 15440, 2011;CEN/TR 15591, 2011;ASTM International, 2007). Moreover, many researchers are conducting active research at incinerator facilities regarding these methods to estimate the CO 2 produced from biomass compared to the total amount of CO 2 (Hamalainen, 2007;Larsen et al, 2013;Mohn et al, 2008;Mohn et al, 2012;Levin et al, 2003;Palstra and Meijer, 2010).…”