Determination of free amino acids in larval insect and gall tissues of the goldenrod, Solidago canadensis L.

Heady, S. E.; Lambert, Roger G.; Covell, Charles V.

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(82)90089-x

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…(1971) detected tryptophan in third instar larvae only, at the end of August, after gall growth had ceased, while Heady et al . (1982) detected tryptophan in E. solidaginis larvae earlier in the season, in July, but at a point when most of the gall growth had ceased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Indole‐3‐acetic acid and ball gall development on Solidago altissima

Mapes

Davies

2001

New Phytologist

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Summary• Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations are reported in ball galls, stem tissue, and in the gall-forming larvae of the tephritid fly Eurosta solidaginis , to gain insight into the mechanism of ball gall formation on the goldenrod, Solidago altissima .• IAA was identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, with [ 13 C 6 ]-IAA as an internal standard.• Concentrations of IAA were higher in gall tissues than in stem tissues on a weight per stem length basis, but not on a weight per weight basis. First instar larvae of E. solidaginis contained IAA at 9 µ g g -1 f. wt or 1.21 ng per larva, a concentration 33-times higher than in control stem tissues. Gall development was unaffected by the early removal of the apical bud and leaves from galls, and lateral bud release was inhibited by galls in terminal positions in the absence of the apical bud, indicating that ball galls act as sources of auxin.• The presence of an E. solidaginis larva results in higher amounts of IAA in a given length of stem than are found in its absence. E. solidaginis larvae may act as point sources of IAA in developing ball galls.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Indole‐3‐acetic acid and ball gall development on Solidago altissima

Mapes

Davies

2001

New Phytologist

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Virulent Hessian Fly Larvae Manipulate the Free Amino Acid Content of Host Wheat Plants

et al. 2008

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Gall-forming insects induce host plants to form specialized structures (galls) that provide immature life stages of the insect access to host plant nutrients and protection from natural enemies. Feeding by larvae of the Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor Say) causes susceptible host wheat plants to produce a gall-like nutritive tissue that supports larval growth and development. To determine if changes in host plant free amino acid levels are associated with virulent Biotype L Hessian fly larval feeding, we quantified free amino acid levels in crown tissues of susceptible Newton wheat plants 1, 4, and 7 days after Hessian fly egg hatch. Hessian fly-infested susceptible plants were more responsive than resistant plants or uninfested controls, showing higher concentrations of alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, phenylalanine, proline, and serine 4 days after egg hatch. This 4-day post-hatch time point corresponds to the maturation of nutritive tissue cells in susceptible plants and the onset of rapid larval growth. By 7 days after egg hatch, when virulent second instars are actively feeding on the contents of nutritive tissue cells, the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine were more abundant compared to uninfested controls, but the levels of other free amino acids were no longer elevated. Changes in free amino acid abundance described in this report were associated with increased levels of mRNA encoded by wheat genes involved in amino acid synthesis and transport.

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