Determination of fuel dialkyl ethers and BTEX in water using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–flame ionization detection

Arambarri, I.; Lasa, Maitena; Garcı́a, Rosa; Millán, Esmeralda

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.01.046

Cited by 114 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Each assay consisted of about 1.0 g of adsorbent for every 100 ml organic solution placed in closed glass vials and immersed in a thermostatic bath. Kinetic mathematical model of pseudo-second order in the linear form was used to correlate the experimental data obtained using Equation (1).…”

Section: Kinetics and Balance Adsorption Of Benzene And Toluenementioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Modification of Commercial Activated Carbon (CAG) for the Adsorption of Benzene and Toluene

Lopes¹,

Carvalho²,

Brasil³

et al. 2015

AJAC

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In this work, we determined the surface characteristics of natural (CA-1) and HNO3 treated (CA-2) CAG. Equilibrium, kinetics and breakthrough for adsorption of benzene and toluene by CA-1 and CA-2 were studied. Concentrations of benzene and toluene (mg/L) were determined by gas chromatography with headspace extraction. The data of adsorption kinetic and equilibrium were best fitted by pseudo-second order model and Langmuir isotherm, respectively. The best results of benzene and toluene adsorption from fixed bed were obtained at volumetric flow rate (Q1 = 70 mL/min) using adsorbent CA-2. The study of inferential statistics revealed that CA-1 and CA-2 adsorbents are statistically different at a 5% significance level.

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Section: Kinetics and Balance Adsorption Of Benzene And Toluenementioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Modification of Commercial Activated Carbon (CAG) for the Adsorption of Benzene and Toluene

Lopes¹,

Carvalho²,

Brasil³

et al. 2015

AJAC

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“…Contamination of the aquatic environment is well documented for MTBE, but less for TAME and ETBE. In the 1990s MTBE was reported in groundwater and surface waters with increasing frequency, initially in the USA (Squillace et al, 1996;Happel et al, 1998;Johnson et al, 2000) and thereafter also in Europe (Achten et al, 2002;Klinger et al, 2002;Morgenstern Rosell et al, 2003Rosell et al, , 2006Arambarri et al, 2004;Kolb and Puttmann, 2006a,b). Tap water from various regions (USA, Germany and The Netherlands) was found to contain generally low (ng L À1 ) levels of MTBE (Deeb et al, 2003;Morgenstern et al, 2003;Kolb and Puttmann, 2006b;Cardinali et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Odour and flavour thresholds of gasoline additives (MTBE, ETBE and TAME) and their occurrence in Dutch drinking water collection areas

et al. 2009

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“…Another advantage of headspace is that there is frequently an important decrease in extraction time relative to direct immersion of the fiber. 24 In exposed workers the use of a carboxen-PDMS fiber for toluene extraction allowed for the detection of the unaltered solvent using GC-FID in all samples; PDMS extraction permitted detection in only three of these. The absorption of toluene by the workers was probably low, as supported by urinary hippuric acid levels found.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Headspace solid-phase microextraction procedure for gas-chromatography analysis of toluene in urine

Netto¹,

Reis²,

Mendes³

et al. 2008

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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O tolueno é amplamente usado em aplicações industriais e de laboratório, e está relacionado a problemas de abuso social. O tolueno inalterado em urina é considerado um bioindicador mais específico da exposição ocupacional ao solvente. Entretanto, sua análise apresenta algumas dificuldades de ordem analítica, relacionadas aos baixos valores detectados em urina. Nesta pesquisa foi desenvolvido um método cromatográfico em fase gasosa com detecção por ionização em chama e usando-se a técnica de headspace-microextração em fase sólida em dois diferentes tipos de fibra: polidimetilsiloxana (PDMS) e carboxen-PDMS. Após a otimização das variáveis dos processos de extração, o uso da fibra carboxen-PDMS demonstrou menor limite de quantificação (12,5 ng mL -1 ), melhor eficiência de extração (até 28,1%) e repetibilidade (CV < 4,9%) com relação à de PDMS. O método foi aplicado na análise de tolueno em urina de trabalhadores expostos a baixos teores do solvente em oficinas de reparo de veículos.Toluene is widely used in industrial and laboratory applications and in many countries is related with social problems of abuse. Unaltered urinary toluene was introduced as a bioindicator of occupational exposure to the solvent, but its analysis presents difficulties due to the low levels of the compound excreted in urine. A gas-chromatography/flame ionization method for toluene in urine is described using headspace solid-phase microextraction and establishing the better conditions for two different extracting phases: polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and carboxen-PDMS. The carboxen-PDMS fiber showed lower quantifying limit (12.5 ng mL -1 ), better extraction efficiency (up to 28.1%) and repeatability (CV < 4.9%) than PDMS coating. The method was applied to analysis of toluene in urine of workers from car repair shops exposed to low solvent levels.

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Determination of fuel dialkyl ethers and BTEX in water using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–flame ionization detection

Cited by 114 publications

References 28 publications

Surface Modification of Commercial Activated Carbon (CAG) for the Adsorption of Benzene and Toluene

Surface Modification of Commercial Activated Carbon (CAG) for the Adsorption of Benzene and Toluene

Odour and flavour thresholds of gasoline additives (MTBE, ETBE and TAME) and their occurrence in Dutch drinking water collection areas

Headspace solid-phase microextraction procedure for gas-chromatography analysis of toluene in urine

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