Determination of genotoxic damages of picloram and dicamba with comet assay in Allium cepa rooted in tissue culture and distilled water

Abstract

Background:Many genotoxicity tests allow us to understand the mechanism of damages on genetic material occurring in living organisms against various physical and chemical agents. One of them is the Comet test. The current study aimed to evaluate genotoxic damages by picloram and dicamba to root meristems of Allium cepa utilizing comet assay. Methods and Results:Two different protocols were used for rooting and auxin/pesticide application. (i) A. cepa bulbs were rooted in MS medium and then treated with MS medium (control) and 0.67, 1.34, 2.01, 2.68, 3.35, 4.02, and 8.04 mg/L of Picloram and Dicamba using aseptic tissue culture techniques. (ii) A. cepa bulbs were then rooted in bidistilled water and treated with 0 (control), 0.67, 1.34, 2.01, 2.68, 3.35, 4.02, and 8.04 mg/L of Picloram and Dicamba in distilled water. The A. cepa root tip cells in both treatment groups were examined using comet test to nd the possible DNA damaging effects of Picloram and Dicamba. The results obtained at all the concentrations were statistically compared with their control groups. Almost at all the concentrations of Picloram and Dicamba increased comet tail intensity (%) and tail moment in roots treated in MS medium. Two highest concentrations revealed toxic effect. On the other hand, DNA damaging effect of both auxins was only noted on the highest concentrations (>4.02 mg/L) in roots treated in distilled water. Conclusions:This study approve and con rm genotoxic effects of tow growth regulators on plants.

Genotoxicity of a synthetic plant growth regulator, Forchlorfenuron (CPPU), on human lymphocytes using chromosome aberration assay

“…The researchers reported severe uterine hydrometra, pathological ovarian alterations, and possible negative effects of FCF on the ovaries and steroido-genesis in rats. Although no other research was found regarding the genotoxic potential of FCF, the genotoxic effects of various synthetic PGRs were described in earlier studies conducted on a variety of test systems, which are consistent with our findings (Kocaman and Bucak 2016;Kocaman and Güven 2016;Özkul et al 2016;Kocaman and Kılıç 2017;Ozel et al 2022).…”

Comet Assay: Multifaceted Options for Studies of Plant Stress Response

“…Both herbicides induced a more severe stress and more pronounced DNA damage in the cells of roots grown under tissue culture conditions. This study confirmed the genotoxic effects of two growth regulators on plant cells [150].…”

“…All three compounds showed a cytotoxic effect by reducing the root growth and mitotic index, and a genotoxic effect by increasing chromosome aberrations and DNA damage, as compared to control roots [124,125,149]. Furthermore, the genotoxic effects of two herbicides representing synthetic auxins, picloram and dicamba, on root meristems of A. cepa were evaluated utilizing Comet assays in roots grown either under conditions simulating tissue culture (i.e., aseptic conditions using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium) or in bidistilled water [150]. Both herbicides induced a more severe stress and more pronounced DNA damage in the cells of roots grown under tissue culture conditions.…”

Phenthoate toxicity evaluation in root meristem of Pisum sativum L.

“…It could be due to variations in expression of certain genes that regulate the cell cycle. Methomyl and imbraclaobrid have previously been shown to be mutagenic in P. sativum and Allium cepa (Ozel et al 2022;Sengupta et al 2022; Alrumman 2022 a and b). In our analysis, we found that phenthoate had an analogous effect on seeds of P. sativum.…”