Determination of glyphosate and glufosinate in corn using multi-walled carbon nanotubes followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

Current Strategies for Studying the Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Compounds in Food by Chromatographic Separation Techniques

“…As it can be observed, liquid chromatography is particularly appropriate for the analysis of polar, non-volatile, and/or thermally labile pesticides. Because of its high selectivity and sensitivity, HPLC and UHPLC in combination with MS/MS have mostly been used in this field especially to determine the insecticides and herbicides belonging to organophosphorus compounds, imidazolinone and pyridine carboxylic acid derivatives, and in study of samples containing multiclass pesticides [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]27,[30][31][32][33][34]. However, in a few cases, i.e., triazine and phenylurea herbicides, the HPLC coupled with spectrophotometric detection HPLC-UV or DAD has also been applied [25,26,28].…”

“…However, in a few cases, i.e., triazine and phenylurea herbicides, the HPLC coupled with spectrophotometric detection HPLC-UV or DAD has also been applied [25,26,28]. Various kinds of stationary phases (columns) have been used in the HPLC determination of pesticides, mainly C18 [16][17][18]20,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31], and also chiral [19,33], BEH HILIC [21], Hypercarb [22], Obelisc N HILIC [24,34], Acquity UPLC HSS T3 [23,32]. In general, water or water with formic acid or acetic acid or ammonium formate, acetonitrile, and methanol have been applied as mobile phases with gradient or isocratic elution, respectively.…”

“…As is shown in Table 1, many HPLC-MS/MS techniques with triple quadrupole (TQ), electrospray ionization (ESI) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode or selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode have been mainly used for the determination of different kind of pesticides [16,[18][19][20][21]27,31,33]. In addition, the HPLC-MS/MS methods with electrospray ionization (ESI) and quadrupole trap (QTRAP) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode have been also employed in the analysis of various pesticides [23,24,30,34]. Whereas UHPLC-Q Orbitrap-ESI-MS/MS has been applied for the determination of highly polar pesticides and contaminants (glyphosate, aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA), phosphonic acid, fosetyl-Al, chlorate, and perchlorate) in processed fruits, vegetables, and infant foods [22].…”

A Continuous Flow Injection/Indirect Photometric Method for the Detection of Fosetyl Aluminum in Commercial Pesticide Formulations

“…However, numerous issues combined with these methods have been reported by the scientists themselves [16] such as degradation of fosetyl-Al to phosphonic acid, the way that the analytes interact with the active sites of the column, the matrix effect and similar m/z transitions of several compounds. In recent years, several authors have modified analysis methods by adding cleaning steps, [12] using the acetonitrile in the extraction process [13] and acidified ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as an aqueous sol-ution. Also, supercritical fluid chromatography for the separation of the high polar compounds (including fosetyl-Al and quats) has been proposed using typical reverse phase columns.…”

Determination of Glyphosate and AMPA in Food Samples Using Membrane Extraction Technique for Analytes Preconcentration

“…Furthermore, many literature reports describe that glyphosate and its co-formulants (used in pesticides) can be included in the group of compounds that cause the endocrine effect [8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. However, the regulations regarding these compounds are constantly changing.…”