No abstract

Mefenamic acid belongs to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are used widely for the treatment of analgesia. Our aim from this study is to establish a new assay for the quantitative determination of mefenamic acid (MFA) in the pharmaceutical sample by two sensitive and rapid flow injection-fluorometric methods. A homemade fluorometer was used in fluorescence measurements, which using solid-state laser diode 405 and 532 nm as a source, combined with a continuous flow injection technique. The first method depends on the effect of MFA on calcein blue (CLB) fluorescence at 405 nm. Another method is a study of rhodamine-6G (Rh-6G) fluorescence after adding MFA, and recording at 532 nm. Optimum parameters as fluorescent dye concentration, basic medium, flow rate, sample volume, purge time, and delay coil have been investigated. The dynamic range of MFA was 0.2 to 2 mmol.L-1; 0.5 to 2.3 mmol.L-1 with linearity percentage (% r2) 98.92 and 99.83%, for Rh-6G and CLB, respectively. Limit of detection at a minimum concentration in calibration curve 189.34 and 199.89 ng/sample, for Rh-6G and CLB, respectively. The comparison of developed methods with the classical method (UV-vis spectrophotometry) was achieved. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of MFA in the pharmaceutical samples and can be used as an alternative method.

: As shown in this review, numerous analytical methods have been included to distinguish pigments in tattoo, paint, and ink items. The selection of method was depend upon the purpose, e.g. quantification or identification of pigments only. The introduction part in this review focuses on describing the importance to set up a pigment associated safety profile. Different degradation chemical substances formed as well as impurity trends can be indicated by doing a chemical investigation of pigments in tattoo products. It is noteworthy, the pigment recognition in tattoo inks can work as a preliminary method to identify the pigments in a patient's tattoo before removed by laser therapy. Contrary to the study of forbidden pigments, the identification process would usually require just a few indication substances for positive dye. In general, the tattoo pigments are almost insoluble in aqueous solution and lots of organic solvents, various pigment analyzes have been identified and assessed. It is proposed that in the future, laboratories concerned with tattoo substance analysis should have access to extensive pigment specifications and spectroscopic databases. The most important and recent physiological side effects of tattooing have been discussed in this review.