Determination of hexavalent chromium in sludge incinerator emissions using ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Arar, Elizabeth J.; Long, Stephen E.; Martin, Theodore D.; Gold, S.

doi:10.1021/es00034a010

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…One of the most popular methods for the separation of the Cr(III)-Cr(VI) species is the extraction of Cr(VI) with a liquid anion exchange solution (Amberlite LA-2/MIBK; Camara et al, 2000). Ion chromatography is also used for the separation of Cr species successfully (Arar & Pfaff, 1991, Arar et al, 1992Giuriati et al, 2005) and is adopted by US-EPA in method 7199, which describes the determination of hexavalent chromium in drinking water, groundwater, and industrial wastewater effluents by ion chromatography (U. S. EPA, 1996b). Detection is mainly accomplished by spectrophotometry at 540 nm, utilizing the well-documented diphenylcarbazide method (Arar & Pfaff, 1991;Giuriati et al, 2005;Wei et al, 1982).…”

Section: Speciation Of Cr(vi) and Cr(iii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate and Biotransformation of Metal and Metalloid Species in Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes

Stasinakis

Thomaidis

2010

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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Suspended and attached growth wastewater treatment processes are widely used for the removal of biodegradable organic constituents and nutrients from wastewater. The frequent detection of toxic metals and metalloids in wastewater contributed to the publishing of numerous papers in the past, investigating their presence, toxicity and behavior in biological wastewater treatment systems (BWTS). In most of these studies, data were referred to total element concentration. However, nowadays it is generally accepted that toxicological and physicochemical properties are differentiated according to elemental speciation. The literature review revealed that there are enough studies investigating chromium species presence, toxicity, fate and biotransformation in BWTS, whereas there are fewer data for organotin compounds. Even less studies exist for arsenic, mercury and selenium species. Most of the results are referred to the activated sludge process. The biotransformation mechanisms are element-dependent. The reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), the sequential debutylation of tributyltin and triphenyltin to inorganic tin, the oxidation of As(III) to As(V) and their methylation to organoarsenicals have been observed. Despite the gaps in the literature, these preliminary, in many cases, results indicate that biological wastewater treatment processes could be used in the future for the detoxification of metal-and metalloid-laden wastewater, allowing the reuse of wastewater and sludge.

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Section: Speciation Of Cr(vi) and Cr(iii)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate and Biotransformation of Metal and Metalloid Species in Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes

Stasinakis

Thomaidis

2010

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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“…Active development is underway with HPLC-ICP-MS systems for the separation and identification of metalcontaining molecules [4,6]. For example, organic forms of arsenic [74][75][76][77][78], cadmium, chromium [79,80], iron, lead, mercury [81], platinum [82,83], rare earth elements, selenium [84], tellurium, tin [85][86][87], vanadium [88], and zinc have been separated and/or quantified in environmental and biological materials. Metalloporphyrins also have been determined by HPLC-ICP-MS and GC-ICP-MS [89][90][91].…”

Section: Chemical Speciation and Stable Isotope Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical plasma source mass spectrometry in biomedical research

Barnes

1996

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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The features of inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) that make it unique also make possible applications in biological chemistry and biomedical research that would be otherwise difficult or impossible. High sensitivity, characterized spectral interferences, rapid mass scanning, and individual isotope measurements are now combined with sophisticated sample preparation, separations, or stable isotope additions to achieve rapid semi-quantitative analysis, element speciation, and high accuracy. The semi-quantitative analysis of various materials, the separation and detection of macromolecules in blood and other tissues, and tracking of stable isotopes added either purposely or inadvertently to children are important applications of ICP-MS. Current functional limitations and obstacles and potential development areas also are examined.

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“…Atomic spectrometric techniques only measure total concentrations, necessitating the separation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) prior to their detection. A unique approach is described using ion chromatography (IC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the determination of Cr(VI) in wastewater sludge incinerator emissions [2]. Quartz-fibre filters, spiked with an isotopically enriched (Cr-50 or Cr-53) chromate salt, were used to collect emission particulates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the end of the sampling period, the Cr(VI) was extracted from the filters with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and determined by IC using postcolumn derivatization with 1,5-diphenylcarbohydrazide. To determine the ratio of enriched Cr(VI) to the native Cr(VI) emitted from the incinerator, an additional aliquot of the sample extract was preconcentrated by IC, and the isotopic composition of the Cr(VI) fraction determined by ICP-MS [2]. Once the chromium species are separated, they can be individually determined by different tecniques such as FAAS [3], ETAAS [4,5], and ICP-AES [6,7], which are not available for most conventional laboratories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium speciation analysis by separation of Cr(III) from Cr(VI) on a XAD sorbent derivatized with shellac: a natural polymer

Yalçın

Apak

2006

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

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A XAD-shellac sorbent, synthesized by the impregnation of the natural polymer shellac (purified product of the hardened resinous secretion of the lac insect Kerria lacca) on Amberlite XAD-16 copolymer backbone, has been developed for the separation of Cr(III) from Cr(VI), and preconcentration of Cr(III) from synthetic solutions and real samples. The preconcentration factor for Cr(III) was 75. All chromium determinations were made using the diphenyl carbazide spectrophotometric method after oxidizing Cr to chromate(VI) where necessary, and simultaneously with flame-AAS for confirmation. The dynamic breakthrough and batch capacities of this sorbent for Cr(III) were 0.3 and 0.9 mg g À1 , respectively, indicating that the ion-exchange mechanism was prevalent in the dynamic mode, whereas in the batch mode, the surface sites were also capable of exerting their chelating effects. When XAD-shellac was thoroughly washed with ammonium acetate solution prior to use in chromium speciation, the cationic (RH þ ) surface sites were probably neutralized to yield free acetic acid, and the resulting resin did not retain CrO 2À 4 : Thus, complete separation and speciation of Cr(III) from CrO 2À 4 was possible using this sorbent. The shellac-coated sorbent decomposed in alkaline solution (i.e. over pH 7.5), and therefore the retained Cr(III) was eluted with dilute (0.025-0.050 M) HCl. Thus, Cr(III) in admixture with Cr(VI) could be separated and recovered, without interference from the hexavalent state. XAD-shellac was not successful for Cr preconcentration from seawater, but was efficiently used for synthetic and real electroplating wastewater and CRMs such as SO-2 soil, San Joaquin soil, BCR 145 R sewage sludge, with a recovery ratio for Cr(III)/Cr(VI) extending up to 98%.

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Determination of hexavalent chromium in sludge incinerator emissions using ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Cited by 26 publications

References 8 publications

Fate and Biotransformation of Metal and Metalloid Species in Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes

Fate and Biotransformation of Metal and Metalloid Species in Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes

Analytical plasma source mass spectrometry in biomedical research

Chromium speciation analysis by separation of Cr(III) from Cr(VI) on a XAD sorbent derivatized with shellac: a natural polymer

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