Determination of in situ degradation parameters and feeding level of pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) cannery by-product to Hanwoo steers

Abstract

Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the <i>in situ</i> degradation parameters and appropriate feeding level of pineapple cannery by-products (PCB) based on the growth performance and blood parameters of growing Hanwoo (<i>Bos taurus coreanae</i>) steers fed various levels of PCB.Methods: Two ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used for <i>in situ</i> disappearance rate measurements. Nylon bags (5×10 cm, 45 μm pore size) filled with 5 g of PCB in triplicate were inserted into the ventral sac of the two cannulated Holsteins cows and incubated for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h. A total of 16 castrated growing Hanwoo steers (12.5±0.5 months old, 302.9±25.7 kg of initial body weight [BW]) were used for the experiment. Animals were stratified by initial BW and then randomly assigned to one of four experimental diets (0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, or 6.0% of PCB, on the dry matter [DM] basis) fed for 91-d, including 30-d of adaptation.Results: Soluble fraction <i>a</i> of DM and crude protein (CP) was 61.9% and 86.0%, fraction <i>b</i> of DM and CP was 32.7% and 11.2%, and indigestible fraction <i>c</i> of DM and CP was 5.4% and 2.8%. The 6.0% PCB feeding group showed lower productivity compared to animals in the other treatments. Increasing the dietary level of PCB did not alter DM intake, but it was numerically lowest in the 6.0% feeding group. The gain to feed ratio was linearly decreased by increasing of PCB. The quadratic broken-line test estimated that 2.5% (DM basis) was the maximum feeding level of PCB in growing Hanwoo steers (y = 0.103 – 0.001×[1.245–x]<sup>2</sup>, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.18).Conclusion: Diets containing up to 2.5% PCB can be fed to growing Hanwoo steers without adverse effects on growth performance.

The Chemical Characteristics and In Vitro Degradability of Pineapple By-Products as Potential Feed for Ruminants

“…However, compared with the cited studies, the ADL content was similar. On the other hand, the structural carbohydrate (NDF and ADF) of the crown, bud end, and peel reported in this study for both varieties were comparable to the results already published on the same by-products [19,39]. The NDF and ADF of the core and pomace were low and not much different from other by-products such as sugar beet pulp, pepper core, and citrus pulp [35].…”

“…In our study, the amounts of pineapple by-products obtained after fruit processing nearly double those (skin, shoot tip, core, stems, crowns) reported by other investigations [8,14], except for the peel. In terms of chemical composition, in other studies on pineapple by-products [8,13,14,19,23], it is reported that CP, EE, NDF, and ADL range from 4.4-5.7, 0.2-1.2, 20.5-44.69, and 23.04-39.40% DM, respectively. The same references also quantified organic matter (OM), non-fiber carbohydrate (NSC), and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC), resulting, respectively, in 95.54, 48.8, and 5.4% DM.…”

“…In addition, the utilization of pineapple peels up to 20% in ruminants' diets formulated with 10% milled corn and 70% bran was revealed to improve feed intake and organic matter digestibility. The ability of pineapple by-products to enhance the intake and digestibility might be due to their sweetness and the presence of the bromelain enzyme, which is known to improve digestibility [19,36]. Some authors also reported an improvement in the quality of animal products when pineapple by-products were used in the ruminants' diet as feed ingredients [51,52].…”

“…Some studies on pineapple waste [17,18] also investigated its sugar content (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), energy, and degradability. Other authors [19] focused on the in-situ degradability and proposed the inclusion level of pineapple cannery by-products in steer diets. In vitro degradable nitrogen was also investigated in pineapple waste [17,18].…”

Supplementing Proteolytic Enzymes Increased the In Vitro Nutrient Effective Degradability and Fermentation Characteristics of Pineapple Waste Silage

“…Despite its low protein and mineral contents [1], PAS is rich in nutrients such as fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, sugars, and bioactive and functional compounds, making it a good roughage for ruminants [2][3][4][5]. Some studies of PAS digestibility reported various results, from a high effective degradability of dry matter of 83% [6] to a low in vitro dry-matter digestibility of 26% [7]. To maximize the energy and nutrient availability of PAS, one of the several strategies employed is the addition of exogenous enzymes, although this is not a common practice in ruminant diets.…”