Determination of inorganic anions by high-performance liquid chromatography

Haddad, Paul R.; Heckenberg, A.L.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)87590-7

Cited by 108 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Three major analytical separation-IPD strategies have been reported. In ion exchange chromatography (IEC) a chromophoric eluent counterion, such as phthalate, can be used for the detection of nonchromophoric inorganic anions (3)(4)(5). The equilibrium responsible for the absorbance change in the analyte band is the result of the analyte-chromophoric counteranion ion exchange that takes place on the ion exchanger stationary phase.…”

Section: Literature Citedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid chromatographic separation of analyte anions with iron(II) 1,10-phenanthroline as a mobile-phase additive: origin and parameters in indirect detection

Rigas¹,

Pietrzyk²

1988

Anal. Chem.

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Section: Literature Citedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid chromatographic separation of analyte anions with iron(II) 1,10-phenanthroline as a mobile-phase additive: origin and parameters in indirect detection

Rigas¹,

Pietrzyk²

1988

Anal. Chem.

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“…The obtained retention order, SO 4 22 < Cl 2 < IO 3 -< Br 2 < NO 3 2 < I -< < SCN 2 ~ NO 2 2 < < IO 4 2 , is different from that generally observed for the common anion-exchangers. 9 There are two useful features of this retention order. One feature is the very weak retention of sulfate that can shorten the analysis time of water samples usually containing sulfate, which is strongly retained on traditional anion-exchangers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anion-exchange ability of neutral hydrophobic hypercrosslinked polystyrene

Penner¹,

Nesterenko²

1999

Anal. Commun.

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“…IIC is a modified reversed-phase liquid chromatographic technique for ionized solutes which involves the addition to the mobile phase of a hydrophobic ion, called the IIR, which has a charge opposite to that of the solute ion. Adsorption of the IIR onto the column surface results in the formation of an ion exchanger (14,15) and this leads to an increase in retention of the solute ion. When IIC is employed to convert a reversed-phase precolumn into an ion exchanger suitable for the preconcentration of precious metal cyano complexes, the main potential problem is loss of adsorbed IIR during sample loading.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of trace levels of gold(I) as its cyano complex by ion-interaction reversed-phase liquid chromatography with on-line sample preconcentration

Haddad¹,

Rochester²

1988

Anal. Chem.

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Hlghperformance llqukl chromatography Is applied to the determlnatlon of gold( I ) cyanide uslng on-line sample preconcentration. The complex Is resolved by ion-interactlon chromatography on a C18 column uslng a mobile phase of 3268 acetonitrile-water contalning 5 mM tetrabutylammonh Ion, with detectlon by UV absorptlon at 214 nm. Samples are preconcentrated by passage through a C18 precolumn previously condltloned with the above m M e phase. The cholce of Ion-lnferactlon reagent is discussed In terms of the Ionic retentlve capacity of the precolumn and the llnear range of the calibration plot. Under optimal condltlons quantitative blnding of aurocyanide was observed for sample volumes of up to 3 mL, giving a detectlon llmH of 0.43 ppb gold. The preclslon of the method at the 10 ppb gold level was 0.9% relatlve standard devlatlon. The chromatographic condltlons employed are shown to be suitable for the simultaneous determination of ultratrace levels of the cyano complexes of Au( I), Pd( I I), and pt( I I ) In solutlons contalnlng high concentrations of free cyanide ion.In an economic climate where the price of precious metals is high, it becomes feasible to process even very low grade ores.This in turn produces a demand for accurate analytical procedures for these elements which are applicable to trace and ultratrace concentrations. In gold-processing plants and in geological exploration, it is often necessary to analyze solutions containing precious metals in the 1-10 ppb range.For many years, spectroscopic and electrochemical methods have proved successful for the analysis of precious metals, especially gold ( I ) . Apart from the traditional fire-assay method, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) has been the most widely used method. Flame AAS is suited to the determination of gold at levels of approximately l ppm and higher, whereas graphite furnace AAS is applicable to much lower concentrations. When analyses in the low parts per billion range are required, it is generally necessary to preconcentrate the sample by solvent extraction, typically using a liquid ion-exchanger in MIBK as the extracting solvent (2, 3 ) . Other analytical techniques for gold such as inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry ( 4 ) , electroanalysis ( 5 ) , X-ray fluorescence (6), and neutron activation analysis (7) either have insufficient sensitivity for ultratrace applications or are very time-consuming.In a recent report (8), we have described a chromatographic method for the determination of Cu(I), Ag(I), Fe(II), Co(II), Fe(III), Au(I), Pd(II), and Pt(I1) as their cyano complexes. In this method, the metal complexes were separated by ioninteraction chromatography (IIC) using either a C18 or CN stationary phase and an eluent containing acetonitrile-water and an appropriate ion-interaction reagent (IIR). Detection was achieved by UV absorption at 214 nm, giving a detection limit of 0.26 ppm for gold. While separation of the above eight metal complexes required a relatively long time (up to 35 min), the main advantage...

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Determination of inorganic anions by high-performance liquid chromatography

Cited by 108 publications

References 131 publications

Liquid chromatographic separation of analyte anions with iron(II) 1,10-phenanthroline as a mobile-phase additive: origin and parameters in indirect detection

Liquid chromatographic separation of analyte anions with iron(II) 1,10-phenanthroline as a mobile-phase additive: origin and parameters in indirect detection

Anion-exchange ability of neutral hydrophobic hypercrosslinked polystyrene

Determination of trace levels of gold(I) as its cyano complex by ion-interaction reversed-phase liquid chromatography with on-line sample preconcentration

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