Determination of Intracellular Water by Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance

Lorenzo, Antonino De; Candeloro, N; Andréoli, A.; Deurenberg, P.

doi:10.1159/000177860

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Measurements were taken on left side of the body, with injection and sensor electrodes placed on the hand and foot in reference position. To calculate total body water (TBW) (%), the formula proposed by De Lorenzo et al 30 was used.…”

Section: Biamentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition changes after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: what is the role of −174G>C interleukin-6 promoter gene polymorphism in the therapeutic strategy?

et al. 2011

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Background: There is growing evidence that interleukin-6 (IL-6) is linked to the regulation of fat mass (FM). Our previous data define the common À174G4C IL-6 polymorphism as a marker for 'vulnerable' individuals at risk of age-and obesity-related diseases. An association between À174G4C IL-6 polymorphism and weight loss after bariatric surgery has been demonstrated. Objective: We investigated the impact of À174G4C IL-6 polymorphism on weight loss, body composition, fluid distribution and cardiometabolic changes in obese subjects, after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) surgery. Design and Outcome measures: A total of 40 obese subjects were studied at baseline and at 6 months follow-up after LAGB surgery. Cardiometabolic and genetic assessment of À174G4C IL-6 polymorphism, anthropometric, body composition and fluid distribution analysis were performed. Results: After LAGB surgery, significant reductions in weight (D% ¼ À11.66±7.78, Po0.001), body mass index (Po0.001), total and trunk FM (kg, %) (D% of total FM ¼ À22.22 ± 12.15, Po0.01), bone mineral density (T-score) (Po0.001), resting metabolic rate (RMR) (Po0.01), and total body water and intracellular water (TBW, ICW) (Po0.05) were observed. At baseline, C(À) carriers of IL-6 polymorphism had a significantly higher RMR (Po0.05), free FM (kg), but less total and trunk FM (%), higher body cell mass (BCM), content of TBW (L) and ECW (extracellular water)/ICW ratio compared with C( þ ) carriers (Po0.001). After LAGB, C( þ ) carriers had a significantly stronger reduction of total FM (kg), but lower bone density, compared with C(À) carriers (Po0.05). Conclusions: Beyond the relationship between À174G4C IL-6 polymorphism and body composition, this study provides first evidence about the association of IL-6 variant with fluid distribution, at baseline, and FM and bone density loss in obese subjects at 6 months follow-up after LAGB surgery. LAGB was less effective if the subjects were carrying risk genotypes, C(À) carriers, for obesity, suggesting a role of genetic variations on bariatric surgery outcomes.

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Section: Biamentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition changes after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: what is the role of −174G>C interleukin-6 promoter gene polymorphism in the therapeutic strategy?

et al. 2011

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“…Resistance, reactance, impedance and phase angle at 50 kHz frequency were measured using a Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) as described in a previous work (15). Body Composition Analysis was assessed with estimates of fat mass (FM), free FM, total body water (TBW).…”

Section: Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (Bfa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Interleukin-15 Receptor α Polymorphisms in Normal Weight Obese Syndrome

Renzo

Gloria‐Bottini

Saccucci

et al. 2009

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Previous published studies have identified a class of women, Normal Weight Obese women (NWO) with normal BMI and high fat content. An important role ofInterleukin-15 (IL-15) has been documented in facilitating muscle proliferation and promoting fat depletion. Indeed the presence of three types of IL-15 receptor subunits in fat tissue suggests a direct effect on adipose tissue. We studied three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of IL-15Ra receptor gene and investigated their relationship with NWO phenotype. We considered two classes of women according to their BMI and percent fat mass (%FAT), class 1: including 72 overweight-obese women (high BMI-high fat mass) and class 2: including 36 NWO (normal BMI, high fat mass). Three sites of Interleukin-15 receptor subunit a gene were examined, located respectively in exon4, exon5 intron-exon border and exon7. Genotyping of the identified polymorphisms was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Haplotype frequency estimation was performed by using the Mendel-University of Chicago program. Odds ratio analyses were calculated by EPISTAT program. Highly significant differences were observed for exon 7-exon5 intron-exon border and exon 4-exon 7 haplotype distribution between class 1 and class 2 women. These results strongly support the hypothesis that genetic variability of the IL-15 receptor has an important role in body fat composition. Our data underscore previous findings that suggest a potential role of IL-15 cytokine in NWO syndrome.The full-length human Interleukin-l S receptor subunit a (IL-15Ra) is a type-l trans membrane protein with a signal peptide of 32 AAs, an extracellular domain of 173 AAs, a transmembrane domain of 21 AAs, a 37-AA 'cytoplasmic tail, and multiple N-or O-linked glycosylation sites (1). The originally identified full-length IL-15Ra transcript (approximately 1.7 kb) and the expression of all 8 IL-15Ra isoforms were observed in multiple tissues (eg., brain, intestine, liver, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cell lines; however, the relative expression of each isoform varied.Previous study identified chromosome 10 as the chromosome containing the IL-15Ra locus, in

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“…It is likely that this calculated decrease in water is an overestimation, as it would equal an amount of about 2.5 kg extracellular water, assuming that the lean tissue of the leg (about 9 kg in these subjects; table 2) consists of 70% water of which about 40% may be extracellular [26], Due to the loss of extracellular water the specific resistivity of the remaining fluid will increase [4,27] result ing in a higher than expected increase in the impedance of the leg, thus in an overestima tion of the water shift. From the repeated DXA measurement it can be calculated that the variability in left leg lean mass is about 2% [8] which equals an amount of body water in the leg of about 125 g. It seems likely that the real changes in body water in the leg will be of this magnitude, which moreover, explains that the shift in body water cannot be detected by the DXA methodology [ 17], When the impedance ratio is used as an indicator of body water distribution in clini cal practice, it is important to realize that the time the patient is recumbent influences the impedance ratio. For a bedridden patient dif ferent 'normal' values have to be used com pared to values for an outpatient who was not recumbent for a longer time immediately be fore the measurement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At high frequency the capacitive proper ties of the cell membranes disappear which means that at high frequency body impedance is a measure of total body water. Hence, mul ti-frequency impedance enables the indepen dent assessment of body water compartments [4][5][6][7][8]. The ratio of impedance at low frequen cy to impedance at high frequency can be used as a measure of body water distribution [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impedance Ratio as a Measure of Water Shifts

1997

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Total and segmental body compositions (left arm and left leg) were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis at 5 and 100 kHz and by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 14 healthy young males (body mass index, mean ± SD, 23.5 ± 2.7 kg/m²) every 20 min for a period of 100 min. During the measurements the subjects remained in the supine position on the examination table, except for the time between the last two measurements, where they got up to walk around. This study focuses on the impact of orthostatic fluid shifts on impedance ratios in body segments and the total body. After 20 min of lying supine lean tissue (DXA) was slightly but significantly lower for the total body and the left leg, but all other consecutive DXA measurements at different times did not differ. Total body impedance and leg impedance increased during the time the subjects were in the recumbent position. Impedance changes in the leg were more pronounced than in the total body, and at 5 kHz the changes were more pronounced compared to 100 kHz. After the subjects got up the impedance values again decreased. Impedance ratios (Z₅/Z₁₀₀) increased for both the leg and to a lesser extent for the total body during the time lying supine, but again decreased after getting up. The results of this study indicate a fluid shift from the legs to the trunk after lying supine and show that this fluid shift is mainly extracellular water. DXA measurements were not able to detect these changes, probably because the magnitude of these changes is below the detection level for lean tissue with DXA methodology. The observations have important implications in the interpretation of impedance measurements in the clinical situation when measurements are made in patients who have been reclining for some time.

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Determination of Intracellular Water by Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Body composition changes after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: what is the role of −174G>C interleukin-6 promoter gene polymorphism in the therapeutic strategy?

Body composition changes after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: what is the role of −174G>C interleukin-6 promoter gene polymorphism in the therapeutic strategy?

Role of Interleukin-15 Receptor α Polymorphisms in Normal Weight Obese Syndrome

Impedance Ratio as a Measure of Water Shifts

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