“…6,7 Due to the trace levels of PGRs in vegetable oils, and the complexity and high viscosity of the oil matrices, a simple and effective pretreatment process is needed to separate and preconcentrate the auxins prior to instrumental analysis. Up to now, the methods used for pretreating food matrices have mainly been dispersive liquidliquid microextraction (DLLME), [8][9][10] solid-phase extraction (SPE), [11][12][13][14][15] solid-phase microextraction (SPME), [16][17][18][19][20] single-drop microextraction 21,22 and hollow-ber microextraction. 23,24 In the mid-to-late 1990s, liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) emerged as an alternative approach to prepare very small samples, due to its convenience of operation, rapidity, low cost, high recovery and enrichment capacity.…”