Determination of ketoconazole in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Optimization and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method with UV detection for the determination of ketoconazole in canine plasma

“…Among them microbiological assays [4,5] lack specificity because they are based on measurement of antifungal activity, which may not only be due to ketoconazole but to other bioactive plasma components or metabolites as well. HPLC methods with UV [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], fluorescence [13,14], electrochemical [15] and MS-MS [16] detection have been reported in plasma samples. Chen et al [16] have summarized the limitations of all the above HPLC methods.…”

“…HPLC methods with UV [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], fluorescence [13,14], electrochemical [15] and MS-MS [16] detection have been reported in plasma samples. Chen et al [16] have summarized the limitations of all the above HPLC methods. More specifically, main drawbacks of the existing HPLC methods with UV detections are either high detection limits (>50 ng/ml) [8][9][10][11][12], or complicated and time consuming sample preparation procedures including liquid-liquid extraction, evaporation and reconstitution in order to lower LODs [6][7][8]12] or long total time elution time (>20 min) with the internal standard eluted after ketoconazole [7][8][9][10] or lack of internal standard [6,11,12].…”

Identification and quantitation of cis-ketoconazole impurity by capillary zone electrophoresis–mass spectrometry

“…Although the determination of ketoconazole in human plasma has been successfully performed by HPLC-MS [17], the impurities of this antifungal agent have not been identified and quantified until now. With this purpose, in the present work, the main impurity of cis-ketoconazole was detected and enantiomerically separated by CE with UV detection, and identified and quantified by CE-ESI-MS under achiral conditions.…”

SPE-HPLC method for determination of ketoconazole and clotrimazole residues in cow's milk

“…26 Determination of KET and CLO are usually accomplished by chromatographic techniques but strongly needs a prior sample treatment and enrichment step that has been carried out by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). [27][28][29][30] There has been no report on the separation and determination of KET and CLO in cow's milk. In order to ensure human food safety, the European Union has set maximum residue limits (MRLs) for some antibiotics, such as fenbendazol and enrofloxacin in milk; however, no limit has been ruled out for CLO and KET until now.…”