Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Whole Blood by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Stoeppler, M.; Brandt, K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-67002-2_31

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Histological changes in the glomerulus at 6 weeks were minor, with some fusion and withdrawal of foot processes, but it was not possible to attribute this directly to the Cd. However, by 12 weeks of Cd dosage, the epithelial cells had increased in size and many organelles were present in the abundant cytoplasm; foot process fusion was a constant finding (Fig. 11).…”

Section: Microscopic Observationsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Histopathology of Early Effects of Oral Cadmium in the Rat Kidney

Aughey¹,

Fell²,

Scott³

et al. 1984

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Adult male Wistar rats were given 50 ppm Cd in drinking water over a period of 1-24 weeks. The rats were killed and the cadmium concentration of whole blood, blood plasma red cells, liver and kidneys estimated. The plasma metallothionein concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. Kidney samples were taken for light, transmission and scanning electron microscopic examination. The accumulation of cadmium in the tissues was shown by a linear increase with time, after exposure for 12 weeks. Plasma Cd concentrations showed a clear increase after 3 weeks and preliminary investigation suggests that most is present as Cd-thionein. Early pathological changes in the rat kidney were seen around the 4-6 week period which coincided with the distinct rise in plasma Cd.At 12 weeks, signs of tubular necrosis, interstitial fibrosis and glomerular epithelial cell hypertrophy were present in small areas of the cortex. By 24 weeks, the renal cortex showed clear evidence of tubulo-interstitial nephritis at a Cd concentration of 60 gg Cd/g wet weight.

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Section: Microscopic Observationsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Histopathology of Early Effects of Oral Cadmium in the Rat Kidney

Aughey¹,

Fell²,

Scott³

et al. 1984

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…For the 1999–2002 survey years, lead and cadmium were simultaneously measured in whole blood by atomic absorption spectrophotometry [ 22 – 24 ] with quantifications based on the measurement of light absorbed at 228.8 nm and 283.3 nm, respectively, by ground-state atoms of cadmium and lead from either an electrodeless discharge lamp (EDL) or by a hollow cathode lamp (HCL) source [ 25 ]. For the remaining survey years (2003–2012), whole blood lead and cadmium concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), a multi-element analytical technique based on quadrupole ICP-MS technology [ 26 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated blood lead and cadmium levels associated with chronic infections among non-smokers in a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data

Krueger

Wade

2016

Environ Health

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BackgroundExperimental animal studies, in vitro experiments, and clinical assessments have shown that metal toxicity can impair immune responses. We analyzed data from a United States representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to explore associations between chronic infections and elevated blood concentrations of lead and cadmium among non-smoking NHANES participants.MethodsNHANES data from 1999 to 2012 were examined and weighted to represent the United States population. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for heavy metal associations with seropositivity for Helicobacter pylori, Toxoplasma gondii, and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections.ResultsAvailable 2-year survey cycles for infection seroprevalence varied by pathogen, from 1 to 7 cycles. Available sample size, disease seroprevalence, and participant age range also varied by pathogen of interest. After controlling for demographic characteristics and general health condition, an elevated blood lead level above the survey population median was significantly associated with seropositivity for all three pathogens (AORs = 1.2–1.5). In addition, an elevated blood cadmium level above the median was significantly associated with HBV (AOR = 1.5; 95 % CI = 1.2–2.0) and H. pylori (AOR = 1.5; 95 % CI = 1.2–1.7) seropositivity. Age-specific analyses for H. pylori and T. gondii indicated stronger associations among children under 13 years of age, particularly for lead exposure and H. pylori seropositivity, and weaker associations among those over 35 years of age.ConclusionsThe results of this cross-sectional human health survey suggest that the immunological effects of lead and cadmium toxicity may be associated with an increased susceptibility to chronic infections.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12940-016-0113-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Lead content in blood was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy [19]: Blood lead concentration was 23_+3 gg/1 and urinary iead 5.0_+1 gg/l: These values lie at the low normal range or low border. Values of cadmium and copper were also normal.…”

Section: Patient Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

New type of hepatic porphyria with porphobilinogen synthase defect and intermittent acute clinical manifestation

et al. 1979

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In two young patients with acute hepatic porphyria syndrome and persisting paralyses, which increased in intensity during intermittent occurring crisis, the activity of erythrocyte porphobilinogen synthase (delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase) was found to be considerably diminished, below 1% of the value of normal control persons. In contrast, the activity of uroporphyrinogen synthase was normal. Both patients have been excreting high quantities of delta-aminolevulinic acid and porphyrins in urine for years. Lead intoxication has definitively been excluded. Since the relatives also show lower activities in porphobilinogen synthase, the disease of these two patients is probably a new enzymatic type of inherited acute hepatic porphyria, the excretion profile of which is qualitatively completely different from those of the known acute porphyrias. The discovery of this porphyria confirms the theory of overlapping transition in the biochemical and clinical symptoms and analogies among acute hepatic porphyrias.

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Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Whole Blood by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Histopathology of Early Effects of Oral Cadmium in the Rat Kidney

Histopathology of Early Effects of Oral Cadmium in the Rat Kidney

Elevated blood lead and cadmium levels associated with chronic infections among non-smokers in a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data

New type of hepatic porphyria with porphobilinogen synthase defect and intermittent acute clinical manifestation

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