Determination of Major and Minor Constituents in Ceramic Materials by X-Ray Spectrometry.

Abstract

b X-ray spectrometric methods have been developed for the determination of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, potassium, calcium, titanium, iron, and barium in forsterite and in the materials used in making it (talc, magnesium oxide, feldspar, and clay). Major constituents are determined by comparison with standards using a glass disk technique. Minor constituents (less than 5%) are determined as powders by a standard-addition method. The precision in most cases appears to b e excellent.The accuracy, although difficult to evaluate, compares favorably with that of classical wet methods.

X-Ray Absorption and Emission

“…Table III. Applications to a Specific Class of Samples Alloys, general (456) Aluminum (145,279) Botany (293) Ceramics (284) Clinical chemistry (11,177,178,179,330) Coal (451) Copper-base alloys (150, 191) Ferrous alloys (256,265) Geochemistry (184,371,379,407) Glass (130, 269,270) Iron and steel (73,197,221,285,406) Lime and cement (394, 477) Nickel-base alloys (48,233) Organic chemistry (345) Oxide catalysts (474) Paint (275) Petroleum (86,143,229,384,499) Pharmaceutical chemistry (410) Radioactive materials (91,96) Rocket propellants (268) Soils ( 483) Uranium-base alloys (238) Wood and paper (508) commercially available KAP (K acid phthalate) is 26.626 A. at 27°C. (163).…”

“…In alloys and metals (92,166,488) In cement materials (133,221,454,477) In minerals and ores (25,133,379,484) In miscellaneous materials (226,269,284,379,423,424,425,451,455,506) Antimony (17,400,506) Arsenic (191,228,269,342,493) Barium (133,269,284,293,397,486,499,506) Bismuth (456,495) Boron (210) Bromine (109,332,342,506) Cadmium (392)…”

“…In cement materials and slags (36,133,221,454,477) In minerals and ores (25,379,404,484) In miscellaneous materials (86,133,145,269,284,293,379,451,499,506) Carbon (142,210) Chlorine (86,133,229,397,423,424,451,506,508) Chromium…”

“…In alloys (81,289,466) In minerals and ores (295,296,386,486,490) In miscellaneous materials (289, 364) Nitrogen (300) Oxygen (210) Palladium (238) Phosphorus (23,133,145,166,209,221,229,379,397,506) Platinum (34) Plutonium (294,312) Potassium (25,145,269,284,299,379,451,484,506) Rare earth elements In minerals and ores (SOS, 458) In miscellaneous materials (202,281,443) In rare earth mixtures (168,202,405,458) Rhodium ( 238) Ruthenium (238) Scandium ( 293) Selenium (119,410) Silicon…”

“…In alloys-and metals (92,166,279) In cement materials (133,454,477) In glass and slags (221,269) In minerals and ores (25,115,133,279,484) In miscellaneous materials (209,284,379,451,455,506) In steels (23,145,435) Sodium (26,209) Strontium (269,428,441,486,495,506) Sulfur (23,26,86,133,145,209,221,229,269,397,477,506) Tantalum (81,289,383,466,490) Tellurium (456) Thallium (381) Thorium (82,…”