Determination of major, minor and trace elements in rock samples by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Progress in the utilization of borate glasses as targets

Comparison of Fused Glass Beads and Pressed Powder Pellets for the Quantitative Measurement of Al, Fe, Si and Ti in Bauxite by Laser‐Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

“…Fusion is a heterogeneous reaction performed at high temperatures between samples and reference materials with fluxing agents (Leite et al . , Tian et al . ) such as lithium metaborate, lithium tetraborate, lithium carbonate, boric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or combinations of these reagents (Intima et al .…”

“…An interesting approach to overcoming the particle size effect and heterogeneity due to low sample mass, achieving matrix matching between samples and the calibration RM, is the use of a fusion process for sample preparation (Stankova et al 2010 andJantzi et al 2016). Fusion is a heterogeneous reaction performed at high temperatures between samples and reference materials with fluxing agents (Leite et al 2011, Tian et al 2015 such as lithium metaborate, lithium tetraborate, lithium carbonate, boric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or combinations of these reagents (Intima et al 2009), resulting in a more homogeneous and less refractory product. This approach has been routinely used in X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and has been also proposed by several authors for rock analysis by LA-ICP-MS (G€ unther et al 2001, de Madinabeitia et al 2008, Leite et al 2011).…”

Sample Preparation for Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Geological Samples by ICP-MS: A Critical Review

“…The LA-ICP-MS has been applied to direct analysis of the sample surface (Li et al 2010;Himmler et al 2010;Severs et al 2009;Pereira et al 2001) or to the analysis of solid samples as a fine-grained powder, prepared as pressed pellets (Arroyo et al 2009;Ito et al 2009;Lee, Chang, and Jiang 2003) or fused as glasses (Leite et al 2011;Kurosawa et al 2006;Eggins et al 2003). Direct LA-ICP-MS analysis of bulk solid samples can avoid tedious sample preparations, allows the analysis of the sample spatial homogeneity and incrustation characterization.…”

“…The calibration has to consider the sample nature and presentation. In this case, the use of certified reference materials with similar matrices and preparation employed for the samples is advantageous (Leite et al 2011). Some specific calibration standards are also commercially available Ito et al 2009;Becker et al 2000).…”

Determination of Trace Elements in Bauxite Using Laser Ablation‐Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry on Lithium Borate Glass Beads

“…Several of these problems are overcome when using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), which is a widely used technique for the microanalysis of solid materials and has been extensively tested for the analysis of XRF fusion beads (Nesbitt et al 1997, G€ unther et al 2001, Eggins 2003, Orihashi and Hirata 2003, Petrelli et al 2007, Regnery et al 2009, Leite et al 2011, Park et al 2016. The relatively small amount of solid particles introduced by this method are not susceptible to the same matrix effects as observed when aspirating solutions rich in lithium borate flux.…”