Determination of malachite green in fish based on magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer extraction followed by electrochemiluminescence

Huang, Baomei; Zhou, Xibin; Chen, Jing; Wu, Guofan; Lu, Xiaoquan

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.053

Cited by 57 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Starting from the good adsorption properties of silica and the importance of detecting toxic dyes in aqueous effluents, this work is aiming to prepare and characterize an electrochemical sensor based on glassy carbon modified with different types of silica for detection of Malachite Green, a toxic and carcinogenic triphenylmethane dye , widely used in dyeing enterprises as well as in food industry and aquaculture as antifungal, antimicrobial, and antiparasitic agent . Detection of Malachite Green can be accurately performed with HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry , flow injection analysis , spectrophotometry , surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) , electrochemiluminescence , etc. However, all these methods require expensive and sophisticated apparatus and thus are not appropriate for applications in the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica‐modified Electrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Malachite Green

et al. 2017

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New silica‐modified glassy carbon electrodes prepared with three different sorts of ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) were characterized and tested for the electrochemical detection of Malachite Green (MG). The electrodes were prepared by drop casting using silica suspensions and, for stability sake, a Nafion coating was deposited on the electrode top by the same technique. Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry was used to investigate the effect of various experimental parameters (deposition time, solution pH, silica type and concentration) on the performance of the modified electrodes. The best electrode (GC/MCM‐41‐NH2/Nafion) with detection limit 0.36 μM, sensitivity 0.164±0.003 A/M; linear domain 1–6 μM was applied to detect MG in a commercial product commonly used as biocide in aquaria for ornamental fish.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica‐modified Electrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Malachite Green

et al. 2017

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“…S1A). The binding parameters of the polymers were further processed using the Scatchard equation defined as follows :

\frac{Q}{C_{s}} = \frac{Q_{\max} - Q}{K_{normald}}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of a cellulose‐based molecularly imprinted polymer in aqueous solution: The study of Furosemide slow release

2017

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In the present study, a green and biodegradable molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based on cellulose is introduced for Furosemide drug for the first time. Firstly sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was synthesized from microcrystalline cellulose. Then the prepared CMC underwent cross‐linking in the drug pre‐assembly solution using 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate as the comonomer and ammonium peroxydisulfate as the CMC activating agent. The pre‐assembly solution of the drug was also prepared using Furosemide as the template molecule and acrylamide as the functional monomer in aqueous medium. The obtained results from binding and selectivity studies indicated the successful preparation of the CMC‐based MIP (CMC‐MIP) in aqueous solution. Besides, structural, thermal, and morphological characterization of the prepared system was investigated. In the final step, the in vitro release study of Furosemide from the synthesized polymers was carried out in pH = 7.41 phosphate buffered saline solution at 37°C. According to the results, the CMC‐MIP had a larger drug loading capacity and a higher amount of drug release at its equilibrium state compared to the corresponding non‐imprinted polymer (CMC‐NIP). Moreover, the drug release profiles showed that the drug release rate of the CMC‐MIP is more controlled than that of the CMC‐NIP, especially at the early stages of release.

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“…Methods based on determination by electrochemiluminescence have been described: one using molecularly imprinted SPE for isolation of MG with an LOQ of 0.02 lg/kg (Guo et al, 2011) and another using magnetic MIPs to isolate MG and LMG with an LOQ of 0.036 lg/kg (Huang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Screening Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The QuEChERS, or dispersive SPE, technique involves use of a combination of salts and SPE sorbents to achieve a combined extraction and clean-up of MG/LMG from the sample matrix. In a variation 2 Council Directive 96/23/EC of 29 April 1996 on measures to monitor certain substances and residues thereof in live animals and animal products and repealing on the MIPs approach, Huang et al (2015) describe use of a magnetic MIP to selectively enrich MG/LMG from fish sample extracts. MIPs involve use of an imprinted polymer with selectivity for both MG and LMG (Long et al, 2009) or MG specific imprinted polymers with pre-MIP oxidation of LMG to MG using DDQ (Mart ınez Bueno et al, 2010;Guo et al, 2011); the MIP is packed into a column to trap the analyte(s) from the sample extract and allow for washing steps prior to elution of the analyte(s) from the column.…”

Section: Extraction and Sample Clean-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malachite green in food

2016

EFS2

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Malachite green (MG) has been used globally in aquaculture but is not registered for use in food-producing animals in the European Union. The European Commission requested EFSA to evaluate whether a reference point for action (RPA) of 2 lg/kg for the sum of MG and its major metabolite leucomalachite green (LMG) is adequate to protect public health. Available occurrence data were not suitable for a reliable exposure assessment. The hypothetical dietary exposure was calculated, considering the RPA as occurrence value for all types of fish, fish products and crustaceans. Mean dietary exposure across different European dietary surveys and age classes would range from 0.1 to 5.0 ng/kg body weight (bw) per day. For high and frequent fish consumers, the exposure would range from 1.3 to 11.8 ng/kg bw per day. Both MG and LMG induced formation of DNA adducts in livers of rats and/or mice, and of micronuclei in mice. LMG also induced cII transgene mutations in mouse liver. MG caused a small, not dose-related, increase in thyroid gland follicular adenomas and carcinomas, and of mammary gland carcinomas in female rats. LMG caused an increase in hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas in female mice. Both MG and LMG may be considered as carcinogenic and as genotoxic in vivo. A lower 95% confidence limit for a benchmark response of 10% extra risk (BMDL 10 ) of 13 mg/kg bw per day for hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas was selected as reference point for neoplastic effects. For non-neoplastic effects, a lower 95% confidence limit for a benchmark response of 5% extra risk (BMDL 05 ) of 6 mg/kg bw per day was selected for the effect of MG on liver weight and of LMG on body weight. The margins of exposure were 1.1 9 10 6 or greater for neoplastic effects and 4.9 9 10 5 or greater for non-neoplastic effects. The CONTAM Panel concluded that it is unlikely that exposure to food contaminated with MG/LMG at or below the RPA of 2 lg/kg represents a health concern.Acknowledgements: The Panel wishes to thank the members of the Standing Working Group on non-allowed pharmacologically active substances in food and feed and their reference points for action (2015)(2016)(2017)(2018):

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Determination of malachite green in fish based on magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer extraction followed by electrochemiluminescence

Cited by 57 publications

References 42 publications

Silica‐modified Electrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Malachite Green

Silica‐modified Electrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Malachite Green

Synthesis and characterization of a cellulose‐based molecularly imprinted polymer in aqueous solution: The study of Furosemide slow release

Malachite green in food

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