Determination of metals in children’s plastic toys using X-ray florescence spectroscopy

Ahmed, Hafsa; Attaelmanan, Atta G.; AlShaer, Fatima Ibrahim; Abdallah, Eman Mohamed

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-13838-1

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

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“…The toy prices ranged from less than 2 USD (from low-cost shops) to more than 5 USD (from high-cost shops). The toys were divided into five groups based on their use: teething-related group; figures-related group; cars and trains/sound-generating related group; and games & puzzles related group [26]. To prevent the contamination of trace elem-ents, any materials used in the laboratory methods were washed with dilute HNO3 (10%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Metals in Children’s Plastic Toys using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

Ahmed,

Attaelmanan,

Mousa

2024

ajc

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Children’s health and safety may be compromised if exposed to metals through contaminated toys. Hence, evaluation of the quality of the toys available in markets is essential to protect children. This study undertaken to identify the presence of metals contents in plastic toys and compares the results with the national and international limits. For this purpose, 56 types of popular children’s toys marked were purchased from the UAE markets and the metal contents were estimated in 156 toy samples by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) technique. The results reveal that Ti, Fe, Zn and Mg were present in all types of toys. At the same time, other metals such as K and Na in 54 types of toys, Cr in 51 types of toys, Al in 50 types of toys, B, Ba and Ca in types of 49 toys, Mn in 41 types of toys, Cd in 40 types of toys, Ag in 39 types of toys, Ni in 25 types of toys, Pd in 23 types of toys, Cu in 18 types of toys, Bi in 4 types of toys and Co in 3 types of toys were also detected. Furthermore, Pd and B concentrations in 3 types of toys, while Zn and Ba concentrations in two types of toys exceeded the permissible limits. Toxic stabilizers and colours added to PVC during manufacturing are responsible for the existence of such elements in plastic toys. However, additional research is required to establish the role of metals in toys, identify potential risks to children’s health and propose regulations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%