Determination of mono-, di- and trinitronaphthalenes in soil samples contaminated by explosives

Bausinger, Tobias; Dehner, Ulrich; Preuß, Johannes

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.07.018

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Between 2.5 and 3 million tons of old ammunitions of the Great War were disposed and destroyed during the interwar period causing local, but severe, topsoil contaminations. Bausinger reviewed the exposure to mainly arsenic-based chemical warfare agents in the battlefields near Ypres and Verdun (Bausinger et al, 2007, Bausinger, Dehner, & Preuß, 2004. Specifically, in the areas where arsenical chemical munitions were openburned in specifically designed burning trenches during the interwar period and found severe local topsoil contamination by arsenic and heavy metals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental contamination with persistent cyclic mustard gas impurities and transformation products

Chmielińska

Hubé

Bausinger³

et al. 2019

Global Security: Health, Science and Policy

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The battlefield of Verdun has seen some of the heaviest shelling in the history of mankind. This site as well as clean-up facilities in Germany may constitute contamination hot-spots and point-sources with leaking to groundwater. This study collected existing toxicological and ecotoxicological data on mustard gas degradation products, together with physicalchemical properties of listed compounds. It also provides quantities of these products measured in the groundwater of France, Germany and the pore water of the Baltic Sea. We indicate a deficiency of information on the toxicity of 1-oxa-4,5-dithiepane and 1,2,5trithiepane. In the groundwater of the German city of Munster 1-oxa-4,5-dithiepane was measured up to 250 µg/L, thus exceeding safe levels. Ecotoxicological studies classify this compound as toxic to aquatic organisms. 1,2,5-trithiepane is not a persistent compound. It was measured, however, in the groundwater at 1 µg/L level. This suggests that it could be formed from an active source of mustard gas. Considering the lack of toxicological data and the uncertainty about the amount of munition deposits, we suggest that research into the toxicity and exposure of, 1-oxa-4,5-dithiepane and 1,2,5trithiepane is needed for sites of concern.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental contamination with persistent cyclic mustard gas impurities and transformation products

Chmielińska

Hubé

Bausinger³

et al. 2019

Global Security: Health, Science and Policy

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Considering bombing incident also happens in open areas, the possibilities of explosive residues seeping into the ground and making the soil become a potential source to track the explosive residues [30,31]. Since the properties of water as a universal solvent to contain explosive residues, numerous studies were also done to detect the explosive in water [32][33][34].…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

MJAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The growing threat of terrorism activities has caused an urgent need of improved forensic explosive analysis. Complex matrices, limited samples, and ambiguous interpretations serve as challenges for a forensic chemist in order to link the evidence to the perpetrator of the crime. This review focuses on three aspects namely screening techniques, extraction techniques, and instrumental techniques. For the screening techniques, this review focuses on fast detection based on chemical respond for preand post-explosion residues. Different types of extraction methods including swabbing technique, solid phase extraction, and solid phase microextraction were discussed. Instrumental techniques covered in this review included gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, ion chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. AbstrakPeningkatan ancaman aktiviti keganasan telah membawa kesedaran akan perlunya penambahbaikan dalam analisis forensik. Matriks sampel yang kompleks, sampel terhad dan penafsiran yang tidak jelas menjadi satu cabaran dalam bidang kimia forensik untuk mengaitkan antara bahan bukti dan pelaku jenayah. Ulasan ini akan memberi tumpuan kepada tiga bahagian iaitu teknik saringan, teknik pengekstrakan dan teknik instrumen. Untuk kaedah saringan, kajian ini akan memberi tumpuan kepada pengesanan pantas residu letupan berdasarkan tindak balas kimia untuk sebelum dan selepas letupan. Pelbagai jenis kaedah pengekstrakan dibincangkan termasuk teknik sapuan, pengekstrakan fasa pepejal, dan pengekstrakan fasa pepejal mikro. Teknik peralatan yang akan dibincangkan dalam ulasan ini pula melibatkan kromatografi gas, kromatografi cecair berprestasi tinggi, kromatografi ion dan elektroforesis rerambut.

show abstract

“…However, the focus of these studies was mostly on 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), its precursors, by-products, and environmental metabolites [7][8][9][10][11]. Furthermore, tetryl, various nitrodiphenylamines, nitronaphthalenes, and nitrophenols were investigated [12][13][14][15]. To our knowledge, the above-mentioned specialty explosives were never taken into consideration in risk assessment studies of military contaminated sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Stability of nitroaromatic specialty explosives in reversed-phase liquid chromatographic systems

Bausinger

Preuß

2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Determination of mono-, di- and trinitronaphthalenes in soil samples contaminated by explosives

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Environmental contamination with persistent cyclic mustard gas impurities and transformation products

Environmental contamination with persistent cyclic mustard gas impurities and transformation products

Untitled

Stability of nitroaromatic specialty explosives in reversed-phase liquid chromatographic systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About