Determination of mono-ortho substituted chlorobiphenyls by multidimensional gas chromatography and their contribution to TCDD equivalents

Boer, Jacob de; Dao, Q. T.; Wester, Piet W.; Bøwadt, Søren; Brinkman, U.A.Th.

doi:10.1016/0003-2670(94)00400-g

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Heart-cuts from the first column were transferred to the second column by use of a valveless switching technique, in which instead of the gas flow, the pressure drop over the coupling piecesa glass capillary, i.d. 0.17 mm (live-Tpiece)sis used (28). Through special auxiliary flow arrangements, the transfer of the heart-cut to the second column can be carried out with negligible deterioration of the peak shape.…”

Section: Mdgc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Toxaphene

Boer¹,

Geus²,

Brinkman³

1997

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The pesticide toxaphene with a total worldwide production of 1.3 Mt is found in the aquatic environment with a widespread, global distribution. Its analysis is difficult due to its complex character. A technical toxaphene mixture and a number of biological samples were analyzed by multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC). Four different column combinations were used: DB5/DX4, DB5/FFAP, Ultra 2/DX4, and Ultra 2/Rtx 2330. The technical mixture consists of at least 246 congeners, while only 107 peaks were found in a one-dimensional GC/ECD chromatogram. The major peaks present in the technical mixture and biological samples mostly consist of 2-10 toxaphene congeners. These results show that in most cases single-column chromatography is not suitable for a congener-specific determination of the toxaphene congeners. The Rtx 2330 column is recommended as the best choice as a second column in MDGC of toxaphene, particularly because of its stability at higher temperatures and because of a slightly better separation, although the differences in results obtained with the different column combinations were relatively small. The relatively high concentrations of toxaphene in European fish, which may even lead to exceeding the tolerance levels for human consumption, and in marine mammals demand a proper monitoring of total toxaphene and individual CHBs in relevant samples from European aquatic ecosystems.

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Section: Mdgc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Toxaphene

Boer¹,

Geus²,

Brinkman³

1997

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…114,118,123,156,157,167 and 189) and diortho (IUPAC numbers 170 and 180) PCB concentrations were determined by multidimensional gas chromatography using methods described by De Boer et al (1995). Concentrations of all 2,3,7,8 chlorine-substituted PCDD (n 7) and PCDF (n 10) congeners were determined using methods described elsewhere (Liem et al 1990).…”

Section: Determination Of Dietary Pcb Pcdd and Pcdf Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired cellular immune response in rats exposed perinatally to Baltic Sea herring oil or 2,3,7,8-TCDD

Ross¹,

Swart²,

Vliet

et al. 1997

Archives of Toxicology

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While the immunotoxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been well established, the eects of complex environmental mixtures of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs) are poorly understood. Many PHAHs, including the polychlorinated-biphenyls (PCBs), -dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), possess`dioxin-like' activities, and accumulate in the aquatic food chain. Organisms occupying high trophic levels may therefore be exposed to concentrations which may present an immunotoxic risk. In this study, pregnant PVG rats were administered a daily oral dose of 1 ml of the following during pregnancy and lactation: (1) oil extracted from herring caught in the relatively uncontaminated Atlantic Ocean; (2) oil extracted from herring caught in the contaminated Baltic Sea; or (3) the Atlantic herring oil extract spiked with 2,3,7,8-TCDD. The daily intakes of aryl hydrocarbon (Ah)-receptor dependent toxic equivalents (TEQ) for mothers were 0.3 in the Atlantic group, 2.1 in the Baltic group, and 134 ng/kg body wt. in the 2,3,7,8-TCDD positive control group. Immune function and host resistance to rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) were assessed in ospring aged 11, 25, 46 or 59 days. Rat pups in the positive control TCDD-spiked group exhibited immunosuppression characterized by reduced thymus weight and cellularity, reduced thymocyte and splenocyte proliferative responses to T-dependent mitogens in vitro, reduced virus-associated natural killer (NK) cell and speci®c antibody responses. While less pronounced, a similar pattern of eects was observed in the rat pups exposed only to the Baltic Sea herring oil. These immunotoxic eects were transient in both exposure groups, with a time-related recovery in immune function possibly due to the half-life of TCDD in rats and the waning exposure levels in the rapidly growing pups. We previously demonstrated that the same Baltic Sea herring led to impaired natural killer cell and Tlymphocyte function in harbour seals during the course of a long-term captive feeding study. The collective results of these studies in rats and seals indicate the immunotoxic potential of environmental mixtures at current levels in the aquatic environment, and suggest that the developing immune system of young mammals may be at particular risk.

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“…Figure 2 shows that within 80 min all 13 dioxin-like PCBs are separated on both columns, although coelution of other PCB congeners or interference during analysis of real samples is inevitable. In this case, multidimensional GC or advanced clean-up methods may be succesfully used to separate and clarify the identity of PCBs in real samples [12][13][14].…”

Section: Recovery Rates Of Coplanar Pcbs From Spiked Sand Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave assisted extraction and sonication of polychlorobiphenils from river sediments and risk assesment by toxic equivalency factors

Kodba

Marsel

1999

Chromatographia

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Key WordsGas chromatography Microwave and ultrasonic extraction River sediment Dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls Toxic equivalency factors SummaryMicrowave extraction and ultrasonication of dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) from sediment samples were investigated. After separation of dioxin-like PCBs from asample matrix on an acidic-alkaline silica gel column, dioxin-like PCBs were determined by GC-ECD, using dual capillary columns. Recoveries of dioxin-like PCBs in river sediment samples exceeded 80 % by both extraction techniques. Toxic equivalency factors and their use for the PCB congeners investigated were applied.

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Determination of mono-ortho substituted chlorobiphenyls by multidimensional gas chromatography and their contribution to TCDD equivalents

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

Multidimensional Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Toxaphene

Multidimensional Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Toxaphene

Impaired cellular immune response in rats exposed perinatally to Baltic Sea herring oil or 2,3,7,8-TCDD

Microwave assisted extraction and sonication of polychlorobiphenils from river sediments and risk assesment by toxic equivalency factors

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