Determination of mycotoxins in human foods

Abstract

This tutorial review deals with the analytical methods available for the determination of mycotoxins in food commodities. As the secondary metabolites of a range of fungal species, mycotoxins possess diverse chemical structures, presenting analytical chemists with a unique set of challenges in the microg kg(-1) (ppb) range. A number of analytical methods have been applied to mycotoxin analysis. These include widely applicable HPLC methods with UV or fluorimetric detection, which are extensively used both in research and for legal enforcement of food safety legislation and for regulations in international agricultural trade. Other chromatographic methods, such as TLC and GC, are also employed for the determination of mycotoxins, whereas recent advances in analytical instrumentation have highlighted the potential of LC-MS methods, especially for multi-toxin determination and for confirmation purposes. Conventional chromatographic methods are generally time consuming and capital intensive, and hence a range of methods, mostly based on immunological principles, have been developed and commercialised for rapid analysis. These methods include, among others, enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis (ELISA), direct fluorimetry, fluorescence polarization, and various biosensors and strip methods.

Patulin Analysis: Sample Preparation Methodologies and Chromatographic Approaches

“…In fact, the animal derived products like milk, eggs and meat may appear contaminated with chemicals produced by fungi (Shephard, 2008;Krska et al, 2008).…”

“…Beyond the devastating effect of agricultural growth of fungi, toxins produced by them have harmful effects on human health, including carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and growth retardation (Shephard, 2008). Aflatoxins, citrinin, fumonisin (Figure 1), ochratoxin, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone are among the mycotoxins that have received more attention in recent years due to their frequent occurrence and their effects on human health (Bennett & Klich, 2003).…”

Quantitative structure–retention relationships for mycotoxins and fungal metabolites in LC‐MS/MS

“…Hence, the aforementioned conditions (Eqs. [3][4][5][6] are indeed very important. Based on all of these criteria, the best RBFNNs model was obtained for the test set including 17 compounds.…”

“…These mycotoxins represent a diverse range of chemical structures. For the aflatoxins, fumonisins and trichothecenes, each group contains a number of structurally related analogues [5,6].…”

Controle Da Micotoxina Patulina Por Radiação Gama E Óleo Essencial Da Noz Moscada (Myristica Fragrans)

“…Os sinais e sintomas vão desde lesões de pele, sintomas de hepatotoxicidade, nefrotoxicidade, neurotoxicidade, hematotoxicidade e genototoxicidade, podendo ocasionar o óbito. Podem apresentar, ainda, efeitos mutagênicos, teratogênicos, carcinogênicos ou imunossupressores (SHEPHARD, 2008).…”