Determination of naltrexone and 6-β-naltrexol in human plasma following implantation of naltrexone pellets using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Electrochemical determination of naltrexone on the surface of glassy carbon electrode modified with Nafion-doped carbon nanoparticles: Application to determinations in pharmaceutical and clinical preparations

“…The mechanism of action in alcohol dependence is not fully understood, but as an opioid-receptor antagonist, it is likely to be due to the modulation of the dopaminergic mesolimbic which ethanol is believed to activate [15]. Due to clinical importance of NAL, it has been determined by using a variety of quantitative analytical methods including: thin layer chromatography (TLC) [16], gas chromatographic methods [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV and electrochemical detection [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], LC-MS [38], liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry [39,40], chemiluminescence [41], flow-injection analysis with amperometric detection [42], spectrofluorimety [43], voltammetry on carbon paste electrode and its application in pharmaceutical preparation [44]. A nano-molar detection method based on fast Fourier transforms continuous cyclic voltammetry using gold ultra-microelectrode in a flow-injection system has been previously reported for the determination of NAL in pharmaceutical preparations [45].…”

Simultaneous determination of naltrexone and bupropion in their co-formulated tablet utilizing green chromatographic approach with application to human urine

“…It was determined by several analytical methods in biological specimens and pharmaceutical formulations, including those based on chromatographic techniques either liquid chromatography (Zuccaro et al, 1991, Clavijo et al, 2008, Iyer et al, 2007) or gas chromatography (Huang et al, 1997, Toennes et al, 2004, Mehrdad et al, 2009), electrochemical techniques (Ghorbani-Bidkorbeh et al, 2010, Norouzi et al, 2007, Fernandez-Abedul et al, 1997, Ganjali et al, 2009, Ghorbani-Bidkorbeh et al, 2011) and Spectroscopic techniques (El-Didamony and Hassan, 2012, Khanmohammadi et al, 2009, Pulgarın et al, 2003, Kossoski et al, 2013).…”

Electromembrane extraction of trace amounts of naltrexone and nalmefene from untreated biological fluids

“…To calculate the correct dosage of drug for each patient, concentration measurement of drug in urine and plasma is required to estimate the amount of absorbed medicine. Several methods such as radioimmunoassay [3], high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/electrochemical detection [4], gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [5], HPLC/tandem mass spectrometry [6], thin layer chromatography [7], gas chromatography with conventional detectors [8][9][10][11], HPLC/UV detection [12][13][14][15][16][17], HPLC/mass spectrometry [18][19][20], chemiluminescence [21], flowinjection analysis/amperometric detection [22], spectrofluorimety [23], voltammetry on carbon paste electrode [24], and electrochemical determination with modified glassy carbon [25] were reported for determination of Nalm concentration in different samples. All of these methods require time-consuming sample cleanup steps and in some cases protein precipitation and derivatization are necessary for determination of the drugs in biological samples.…”