Determination of nicotine and cotinine in tobacco harvesters’ urine by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography

Doctor, P. B.; Gokani, V. N.; Kulkarni, P. K.; Parikh, J. R.; Saiyed, H. N.

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.12.013

Cited by 46 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…General procedure for extraction of analytes normally involves either liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [18][19][20][21]23,24] or solid-phase extraction (SPE) [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. The extract obtained was evaporated to dryness or to salting the analyte prior to chromatography analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple, rapid and sensitive assay method for simultaneous quantification of urinary nicotine and cotinine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Man

Gam

Ismail

et al. 2006

Journal of Chromatography B

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple, rapid and sensitive assay method for simultaneous quantification of urinary nicotine and cotinine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Man

Gam

Ismail

et al. 2006

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…Nicotine absorption can occur through the oral cavity, skin, lung, urinary bladder, and gastrointestinal tract [2]. Nicotine base can be absorbed through the skin, and there have been cases of poisoning after skin contact with pesticides containing nicotine and in tobacco fields [3,4]. Although most of the toxicity of smoking is related to other components of the cigarette, it is the pharmacologic effects of nicotine that produce the addiction to tobacco.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of trace amount of enantiomeric impurity in therapeutic nicotine derivative using capillary electrophoresis with new imaging technology detection

Dahab

Smith

2011

J of Separation Science

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One of the many attempts to stop the danger of tobacco smoking is the development of an anti-smoking vaccine using nicotine butyric acid (NBA) linked to a carrier protein to produce anti-nicotine antibodies. NBA is a chiral molecule and there is a need to obtain a high degree of enantiomeric purity. The aim of this work is to develop a novel method for the enantioseparation of NBA and the determination of trace amounts of enantiomeric impurity required by regulatory authorities. This was achieved successfully using high-performance capillary electrophoresis combined with label-free intrinsic imaging as new imaging technology. A 50 μm id fused-silica capillary was used with UV detection at λ(214 ) nm and label-free intrinsic imaging. The background electrolyte consisted of highly sulphated β-cyclodextrin 10% m/V as a chiral selector in 75 mM phosphoric acid-triethylamine at pH 7.0. Baseline separation and detection of 0.1% and possibly less of the unwanted impurity (R-enantiomer) were achieved. Also, the detection limits were calculated for both enantiomers. The use of label-free intrinsic imaging has improved the sensitivity, enabling us to detect trace amounts of enantiomeric impurities.

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“…These methods use radioimmunoassay (Kuo, Yang, Chiu, 2002); high performance liquid chromatography (Zuccaro et al, 1995;Oddoze, Pauli, Pastor, 1998;Tyrpien et al, 2000;Abou-Qare, Abou-Donia, 2001;Doctor et al, 2004;Kowalski et al, 2007) and gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detection (Kuo, Yang, Chiu, 2002;Moriya, Hashimoto, 2004). Liquid or gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry is commonly employed to determine cotinine in passive smokers (Ji Jr. et al, 1999;Meger et al, 2002;Man et al, 2006;Chadwick, Keevil, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single gas chromatography method with nitrogen phosphorus detector for urinary cotinine determination in passive and active smokers

Malafatti

Maia

Martins

et al. 2010

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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Nicotine is a major addictive compound in cigarettes and is rapidly and extensively metabolized to several metabolites in humans, including urinary cotinine, considered a biomarker due to its high concentration compared to other metabolites. The aim of this study was to develop a single method for determination of urinary cotinine, in active and passive smokers, by gas chromatography with a nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC-NPD). Urine (5.0 mL) was extracted with 1.0 mL of sodium hydroxide 5 mol L -1 , 5.0 mL of chloroform, and lidocaine used as the internal standard. Injection volume was 1 µL in GC-NPD. Limit of quantification was 10 ng mL -1. Linearity was evaluated in the ranges 10-1000 ng mL -1 and 500-6000 ng mL -1 , with determination coefficients of 0.9986 and 0.9952, respectively. Intra-and inter-assay standard relative deviations were lower than 14.2 %, while inaccuracy (bias) was less than +11.9%. The efficiency of extraction was greater than 88.5%. Ruggedness was verified, according to Youden's test. Means of cotinine concentrations observed were 2,980 ng mL -1 for active smokers and 132 ng mL -1 , for passive smokers. The results revealed that satisfactory chromatographic separation between the analyte and interferents was obtained with a ZB-1 column. This method is reliable, precise, linear and presented ruggedness in the range evaluated. The results suggest that it can be applied in routine analysis for passive and active smokers, since it is able to quantify a wide range of cotinine concentrations in urine.Uniterms: Gas chromatography/with nitrogen phosphorus detector. Urinary cotinine/determination. Urine/toxicological analysis. Smokers/Toxicology.A nicotina é uma substância presente no cigarro capaz de causar dependência, sendo biotransformada em vários metabólitos nos seres humanos, dentre eles a cotinina urinária, que é considerada um indicador biológico de exposição à nicotina, devido a suas altas concentrações, comparado a outras matrizes. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um único método para determinação de cotinina urinária, em amostras de urina de fumantes ativos e passivos, através de cromatografia em fase gasosa com detector de nitrogênio-fósforo (CG-DNF). Para o preparo de amostras foram utilizados 5 mL de urina, 1 mL de hidróxido de sódio 5 mol L -1 , 5 mL de clorofórmio, tendo como padrão interno a lidocaína. Na faixa de concentrações de 10-1000 ng mL -1 e 500-6000 ng mL -1 , o coeficiente de determinação foi 0,9986 e 0,9952, respectivamente e, o limite de quantificação foi 10 ng mL -1 . A precisão intra-e interensaio apresentou desvio padrão relativo (%) menor que 14,2% e a inexatidão foi menor que +11,9%, com uma eficiência de extração de 88,5%. O método apresentou robustez, de acordo com o teste de Youden. As concentrações médias de cotinina observadas foram 2980 ng mL -1 , para fumantes ativos e 132 ng mL -1 , para fumantes passivos. Os resultados sugerem que o método é confiável, preciso, linear e apresentou robustez, na faixa avaliada, podendo ser aplicado na rotin...

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Determination of nicotine and cotinine in tobacco harvesters’ urine by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography

Cited by 46 publications

References 37 publications

Simple, rapid and sensitive assay method for simultaneous quantification of urinary nicotine and cotinine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Simple, rapid and sensitive assay method for simultaneous quantification of urinary nicotine and cotinine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Determination of trace amount of enantiomeric impurity in therapeutic nicotine derivative using capillary electrophoresis with new imaging technology detection

Single gas chromatography method with nitrogen phosphorus detector for urinary cotinine determination in passive and active smokers

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