Determination of nicotine and its main metabolites in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography

Rop, Pok Phak; Grimaldi, Frédérique; Oddoze, Christiane; Viala, Alain

doi:10.1016/0378-4347(93)80177-6

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…First reports on the occurrence of nicotine-derived 3-pyridylmethanol in smokers' urine were speculative (Barlow et al, 1987;Parviainen and Puhakainen, 1990). Further evidence was given by Rop et al (1993) using HPLC-UV-DAD. However, the presence of all four metabolites together and the high amounts of 3-PAA relative to keto acid are unique for myosmine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of Myosmine in Wistar Rats

Zwickenpflug

Tyroller²,

Richter³

2005

Drug Metabolism and Disposition

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ABSTRACT:The alkaloid myosmine is present not only in tobacco products but also in various foods. Myosmine is easily nitrosated, yielding 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB) and the esophageal tobacco carcinogen N-nitrosonornicotine. Due to its widespread occurrence, investigations on the metabolism and activation of myosmine are needed for risk assessment. Therefore, the metabolism of myosmine has been studied in Wistar rats treated with single oral doses of [pyridine-5-3 H]myosmine at 0.001, 0.005, 0.5, and 50 mol/kg body weight. Oral administration was achieved by feeding a labeled apple bite. Radioactivity was completely recovered in urine and feces within 48 h. At the two lower doses, 0.001 and 0.005 mol/kg, a higher percentage of the radioactivity was excreted in urine (86.2 ؎ 4.9% and 88.9 ؎ 1.7%) as compared with the higher doses, 0.5 and 50 mol/kg, where only 77.8 ؎ 7.3% and 75.4 ؎ 6.6% of the dose was found in urine. Within 24 h, urinary excretion of radioactivity was nearly complete with less than 4% of the total urinary output appearing between 24 and 48 h. The two major metabolites accounting for >70% of total radioactivity in urine were identified as 3-pyridylacetic acid (20-26%) and 4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)butyric acid (keto acid, 50-63%) using UV-diode array detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry measurements. 3-Pyridylmethanol (3-5%), 3-hydroxymyosmine (2%) and HPB (1-3%) were detected as minor metabolites. 3-Hydroxymyosmine is exclusively formed from myosmine and therefore might be used as a urinary biomarker for myosmine exposure in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of Myosmine in Wistar Rats

Zwickenpflug

Tyroller²,

Richter³

2005

Drug Metabolism and Disposition

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“…The chromatography methods high-performance liquid chromatography [3,32,33,41,59,67,77,78,94,103] and gas chromatography [26] are most speci®c, especially when the identity of the peaks can be veri®ed by mass spectrometry [18,36,51,53,89], but this requires the use of costly material and the resource of skilled personnel for routine analysis. Another advantage of chromatography methods is the simultaneous quanti®-cation of nicotine and cotinine in a single analysis [97].…”

Section: Analytical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary cotinine as a tobacco-smoke exposure index: a minireview

Haufroid

Lison

1998

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

233

151

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A minireview is presented concerning the use of cotinine as a tobacco-smoke exposure index. First, general considerations about methods for the determination of urinary cotinine are presented. Besides pure analytical aspects, this minireview considers major problems encountered in the establishment of threshold values that can be used to distinguish not only smokers from nonsmokers but also nonsmokers exposed or not exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). In addition, the use of urinary cotinine is illustrated in several situations where smoking status assessment is of interest. Such situations include evaluation of the impact of smoking cessation programs, monitoring of pregnancy and of other groups at risk, assessment of occupational exposure to industrial pollutants, validation of phase I clinical trials, and the control of life insurance candidates. The specific problem of ETS exposure assessment is briefly mentioned.

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“…They observed the elevated levels of nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine in the urine of the tobacco harvesters [9][10][11]. Number of methods has been developed for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in urine, but currently most often used analytical methods are gas chromatography [12] and HPLC [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Some investigators have established reversed phase ion-paired liquid chromatography for the analysis of basic analytes, alkaloids in body fluids [24][25][26] and nicotine in commercial tobacco products [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%