Determination of normal range of ultrsonic sizes of prostate in our local environment

Marchie, TT; Onuora, VC

doi:10.4314/wajr.v8i1.34216

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Published guidelines state that urethrocystoscopy or transabdominal bladder/prostate ultrasonography can help surgeons plan prostate surgery or balloon dilatation, by determining prostate size and configuration, and recommend them as appropriate tests to conduct in this setting . Though TRUS is considered the most accurate sonographic method of measuring prostate size, due to setbacks such as its cost, unavailability, invasiveness, low pain threshold of some patients with pelvic pain, anal fissure, haemorrhoids and anal fistulae, TAUS is a more commonly used modality and choice for prostatic scanning …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostatic volume determination by transabdominal ultrasonography: Does accuracy vary significantly with urinary bladder volumes between 50 to 400 mL?

Brakohiapa

Botwe

Sarkodie

2019

J of Medical Radiation Sci

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Introduction In Ghana, trans‐abdominal ultrasonography is the main sonographic method of prostatic volume evaluation. The examinations are done when the patient's bladder is full. However, the delay and the discomforting experiences associated with a full bladder have been well documented. In an attempt to investigate other less discomforting options, this study was undertaken to determine if sonographic transabdominal prostatic evaluations performed at urinary bladder volumes of 50–99 mL differ significantly to evaluations done at volumes of 100–199, 200–299 and 300–399 mL. Methods A prostatic study of adult patients was undertaken in Accra, from 2014 to 2015. Using an ultrasound machine, 79 sets of prostatic measurements were recorded at a urinary bladder volume of 50–99 mL (V1 as our reference volume), and at least one of three other urinary bladder volumes (V2 = 100–199 mL, V3 = 200–299 mL and V4 = 300–399 mL), in 66 males. Twelve of the participants had multiple sets of prostate volume measurements. SPSS was used to analyse the data. T‐test, Bland‐Altman plots and linear regression were used to compare and test for the existence of proportional biases in measurements. Results There was a statistically significant difference in prostatic volumes recorded at V1 and V2 (P = 0.017). However, the prostatic volume differences recorded for V1/V3, and V1/V4 groups of data were all not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The limits of agreement for the set of measurements spread from approximately −29 to +18 mL for V1/V2, −48 to +36 mL for V1/V3 and −12 to +12 mL for V1/V4 variables. There was no proportional bias in the V1/V2 (P = 0.55) and V1/V4 (P = 0.463) measurements. Conclusion Urinary bladder volume of 50–99 mL produces prostatic volume measurements comparable to volumes measured in patients with a full (300–399 mL), or nearly full urinary bladder (200–299 mL). A urinary bladder volume of 50–99 mL may therefore be adequate for scanning the prostate gland, and is likely to be tolerated much better by patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostatic volume determination by transabdominal ultrasonography: Does accuracy vary significantly with urinary bladder volumes between 50 to 400 mL?

Brakohiapa

Botwe

Sarkodie

2019

J of Medical Radiation Sci

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“…Lower urinary tract symptom is not, however, synonymous with benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, accurate estimation of prostatic volume is an essential step in managing patients with BPH because it bears direct relevance to treatment options offered in each case [ 2 – 4 ]. In clinical practice, pre-operative estimation of prostatic volume is done because prostatic volume bears direct relevance to treatment options available to a particular patient [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of transrectal and transabodominal ultrasound measurement of transition zone volume with post-operative enucleated adenoma volume in benign prostatic hypertrophy

Ajayi¹,

Aremu²,

Olajide³

et al. 2013

Pan Afr Med J

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IntroductionBenign prostatic hyperplasia is a common disease of ageing men worldwide. Though transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) is the standard in most parts of the world in evaluation of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), it is rarely done in some less developed countries because of non availability of appropriate probes and or specialists. Transabdominal ultrasonography (TAUS) remains the mainstay in these areas. Some controversies still exist in literature about the accuracy of TAUS evaluation of prostatic volume in patients with BPH. This study aimed at comparing the transition zone volume estimation of the prostate on transrectal and transabdominal ultrasound with post-operative enucleated adenoma volume in Nigeria patients with BPH and to suggest better predictor of prostate volume in evaluation of BPH.MethodsForty-six (46) patients with lower urinary tract symptoms due to BPH attending the urologic clinic were evaluated ultrasonographically and eventually managed with open surgery (prostatectomy) after due counselling. The post operative samples were weighted using a sensitive top loading weighing balance and converted to volume. Since the specific gravity of the prostate is equivalent to that of water,the weight is the same as volume.ResultsPatients’ ages ranged between 59 and 90 years with a peak age incidence at seventh decade. Transition Zone (TZ) volume estimation on both transrectal and transabdominal ultrasound showed positive correlation with the post operative enucleated adenoma(r = 0.594, p < 0.001) but the transrectal method was more accurate. There was no significant relationship between the TZ volume and patients’ symptoms(r = 0.491, p = 0.007).ConclusionBoth TRUS and TAUS are comparable at TZ volume estimation and therefore TAUS can be utilized in regions where intracavitary probes and or the expertise is/are not available.

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“…Theoretically the volume is calculated by prolate ellipsoidal size formula [17] .The volume of the prostate was calculated by using TRUS. The height of the prostate is more precisely determined by using transaxial than mid sagittal scanning [18].Simple formula determined prostate volume (Prolate ellipsoid & prolate spheroid), based on prostate diameters, the results provide only marginally inferior to planimetry, which are preferable because they are simpler to perform in the clinic and are associated with less inconvenience for patient [11].…”

Section: Volume Of Prostatementioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Analysis of Proton Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Ibrahim¹

2017

DJPS

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The dependence of high proton energies has been investigated for proton therapy, which are governed by essential physical factors such as ion ranges and stopping powers. In addition, the volume of prostate is another variable factor varies according to human age and types of tumor.The aim of this theoretical study is about bombardment the prostate tumor by normal incidence protons from Medical Cyclotron at room temperature and energy ranges 60-250 MeV. It was studied by means of calculating Stopping Powers, 3D Ion ranges (longitudinal, lateral and radial) and the total target damage as a function of proton energies, which are calculated by TRIM computer code. The electronic stopping powers were calculated by Bethe-Bloch model, which have showed good coincidence with the TRIM results with 0.99 correlation factor. The ionization process is predominated through track of protons in tissues of the prostate, which yields a steep increase in total stopping power with penetration distance leading to the Bragg peak close to the end of range of the proton beams. The skewness and kurtosis are calculated, the negative sign of skewness for all spectra indicated that left tail (towards the surface of incidence protons) is larger than right (away from the surface) leading to reduce side effects to the neighboring normal tissues. The positive value of kurtosis means that the spectra are peaked.This indicates that the precise dose localization is delivered to the tissues. Proton therapy offers the benefit of specified dose localization and has favorable dose-depth distributions, compared with photon beam radiotherapy. The angular distribution of protons with different energies are studied to reach the tumor in any position in prostate, it is noticed that at angle of 45 degree, there is equidimensional ion ranges. The total target damage increases with proton energies with values (0.58 -1.7) KeV/ion for ranges energy (60 -250) MeV respectively. In order to reach the tumor, the proton beam direction could be changed in definite steps or turned on and off very quickly.Volumes of the different shapes of prostates change according to age and kinds of the tumor, which are prolate ellipsoid, prolate spheroid, or spherical shape. This leads to select the precise proton energy to prevent the spread of radiation outside the prostate.This theoretical study can be considered as a tool and an indication to determine the precise proton energy required for prostate cancer treatment to minimize the side effects. Proton therapy is a promising technology as a result of the rapid development of nuclear accelerators.

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Determination of normal range of ultrsonic sizes of prostate in our local environment

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Prostatic volume determination by transabdominal ultrasonography: Does accuracy vary significantly with urinary bladder volumes between 50 to 400 mL?

Prostatic volume determination by transabdominal ultrasonography: Does accuracy vary significantly with urinary bladder volumes between 50 to 400 mL?

Correlation of transrectal and transabodominal ultrasound measurement of transition zone volume with post-operative enucleated adenoma volume in benign prostatic hypertrophy

Theoretical Analysis of Proton Therapy for Prostate Cancer

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