Determination of Nutritional and Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids in Cottonseed by a Single GC Analysis

Mitchell, Barb; Rozema, Brent; Vennard, Thomas; Sabbatini, Jane

doi:10.1007/s11746-015-2669-5

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In this context, the chromatographic separation of CPFA methyl esters in cheese fat, especially dihydrosterculic acid was obtained by using an apolar capillary column after base transesterification. These analytical conditions previously described to determine CPFA in animal fat resulted in accordance with those described by other authors [ 2 , 6 ] to determine CPEFA as methyl esters in vegetable oils.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…There is a substantial interest in CPEFA determination due to the physiological effects that they may produce in animals and humans [ 1 , 2 , 6 ]. Seed lipids naturally containing cyclic fatty acids are extensively consumed, especially in tropical areas [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gas chromatography methods currently dominate the literature for the determination of main and minor fatty acids in foods, including cyclic fatty acids [ 6 , 16 ]. Recently, a GC-MS qualitative and quantitative methodology was developed to determine CPFA in milk and dairy products and it is currently used for the authentication of PDO cheeses, such as Parmigiano Reggiano cheese [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids in Ewe Milk Fat by GC-MS after Intravenous Administration of Sterculic Acid

Lolli

Toral

Caligiani

et al. 2020

Foods

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Cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPEFA), found in oilseeds from Malvaceae and Sterculiaceae, have been shown to interfere with the endogenous synthesis of several bioactive lipids of dairy fat, such as cis-9, trans-11 18:2 and cis-9 18:1, by inhibiting Δ9-desaturase. No previous study has reported the presence of sterculic acid in animal fat and its incorporation in tissues after its administration, due to the lack of a proper methodology. In the present research, a GC-MS method based on cold base derivatization to fatty acids methylesters was developed to determine CPEFA in ewe milk triglycerides, after infusing sterculic acid (0.5 g/day) to six lactating ewes. An alternative derivatization based on silanyzation followed by GC-MS analysis was also tested, showing its possible applicability when CPEFA are present in the form of free fatty acids. Sterculic acid was detected in ewe milk triglycerides, demonstrating its incorporation from the bloodstream into milk by the mammary gland. The mean transfer rate represented 8.0 ± 1.0% of the daily dose. This study provides, for the first time, the presence of sterculic acid in milk fat, supporting the importance of understanding its occurrence in vivo and encouraging further research to determine whether it can be present in foods, such as dairy products, obtained under practical farming conditions.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids in Ewe Milk Fat by GC-MS after Intravenous Administration of Sterculic Acid

Lolli

Toral

Caligiani

et al. 2020

Foods

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“…The levels of free gossypol in diets supplemented with 6% and 12% CSM are 41.63 and 83.26 mg/kg, both of which exceeded the national safety limit (GB 13078-2017) of free gossypol for laying hens ration in China. The fatty acid composition of the soybean oil and the degossypolized CSO are presented in Table 1 , in which CSO contained 0.20% CPFAs, composed of malvalic acid and sterculic acid, which is much higher than previously reported values for CPFAs in refined cottonseed oil [ 14 ]. The birds were reared in wire cages, and the management was consistent with the recommendations of a commercial management guide.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Effects of Dietary Cottonseed Oil and Cottonseed Meal Supplementation on Liver Lipid Content, Fatty Acid Profile and Hepatic Function in Laying Hens

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Animals

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Antinutrients, such as cyclopropene fatty acids (CPFAs) and free gossypol (FG), present together in cottonseed have caused numerous adverse effects on liver health and egg quality of laying hens, which are both likely to be related to a disturbance in lipid metabolism. This experiment employed a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement using corn–soybean-meal-based diets supplemented with different levels of cottonseed oil (0%, 2%, or 4% CSO) containing CPFAs and cottonseed meal (0%, 6%, or 12% CSM) containing FG to elucidate the effects of them or their interaction on fatty acid profile, lipid content, and liver health of laying hens. An overall increase in fatty acid saturation and an overall significant decrease (p < 0.05) in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were shown in the livers of hens fed diets with either 2% or 4% CSO. Meanwhile, the concentration of liver cholesterol, serum cholesterol, and serum LDL-c of hens fed a diet supplemented with a high level of CSO (4%) were noticeably increased (p < 0.05). Even though the supplementation of 4% CSO in diets aroused beneficial influences on liver function, a high level of CSO inclusion in laying hens’ diets is not recommended due to its hypercholesterolemia effect. In conclusion, supplementation of CSO, which contains 0.20% CPFAs, was the primary cause of alteration in fatty acid composition and cholesterol content in hens, while no interaction between CSM and CSO nor CSM effect was found for lipid profile and liver health in laying hen.

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“…The dietary treatments were as follows: 1) the standard corn-soy layer control diet (Table 1); 2) standard control diet supplemented with free gossypol (Xi'an Bioherbix Co., LTD.) in the form of 400 mg acetate gossypol/kg nal feed; 3) standard control diet supplemented with CPFA in the form of 300 mg common sterculic acid methyl ester/kg nal feed (Synthesized by BOC Sciences, USA), and; 4) standard control diet supplemented with CSM at a level of 30% of the nal feed, as a positive control. The nal content of free gossypol (FG) and CPFA was 186.48 mg/kg and 167.67 mg/kg in the CSM group according to the methods of HPLC and GC [9,10]. Hens were provided with free access to water and feed during the experiment.…”

Section: Collection Of Samples Dietary Treatments and Bird Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Free Gossypol and Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids Present in the Feed on the Productivity, Quality, Elasticity, and Microstructure of Hens’ Egg

Chen¹,

Yinyin²,

Ma³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BACKGROUND: Free gossypol (FG) and cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFAs) are two main natural toxins in cottonseed meal(CSM). The increased yolk elasticity under cold storage conditions is related to the excessive CSM in the feed. However, which toxin caused the increased yolk elasticity is still not clear. RESULTS: Our results show that the addition of FG or CPFA to the diet significantly reduced the egg production and feed conversion ratio. Besides, FG also resulted in a decrease in egg weight. The storage of eggs at 4 °C for four weeks resulted in a significant increase in elasticity and a decrease in the concentration of iron and calcium in the boiled yolks of CPFA and CSM groups when compared to the control. CPFA and CSM supplemented groups also showed an increase in pH and content of water in the yolk. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images from the CPFA and CSM groups revealed that the morphology of the vitelline membrane of eggs was characterized by different-sized holes. Furthermore, after four weeks of cold storage, the morphology of the vitelline granules in the CPFA and CSM supplemented groups were damaged; however, there were no significant alterations found in the FG group. CONCLUSION: The main cause of the “sponge-bob egg” effect was the presence of CPFA in cottonseed meal, which causes an increase in permeability of the vitelline membrane in eggs.

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Determination of Nutritional and Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids in Cottonseed by a Single GC Analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Determination of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids in Ewe Milk Fat by GC-MS after Intravenous Administration of Sterculic Acid

Determination of Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids in Ewe Milk Fat by GC-MS after Intravenous Administration of Sterculic Acid

Effects of Dietary Cottonseed Oil and Cottonseed Meal Supplementation on Liver Lipid Content, Fatty Acid Profile and Hepatic Function in Laying Hens

Effects of Free Gossypol and Cyclopropenoid Fatty Acids Present in the Feed on the Productivity, Quality, Elasticity, and Microstructure of Hens’ Egg

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