Determination of organochlorine compounds in human biological samples by GC‐MS/MS

Frías, M. Moreno; Torres, M. J.; Frenich, Antonia Garrido; Vidal, José Luis Martı́nez; Olea‐Serrano, F.; Olea, Nicolás

doi:10.1002/bmc.300

Cited by 76 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The injection volume was 1 µL. The presence of organochlorine in fraction α was confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS), following the working conditions previously described [18,19]. The working conditions were: oven T: 80°C (2.5 min), 50°C/min until 140°C, 5°C/min to 260°C for 3 min; injector T: initial temperature 90°C (0.1 min), 200°C/min to 280°C; gas He; injector flow: 1 µL/sec.…”

Section: Gas Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of total effective xenoestrogen burden in adipose tissue and identification of chemicals responsible for the combined estrogenic effect

Fernández

Rivas

Olea‐Serrano

et al. 2004

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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Test systems to screen for estrogenicity and appropriate biomarkers of human exposure are required for epidemiological studies of endocrine disruption. We addressed these issues by developing and standardising a method to assess the total estrogenic xenobiotic burden in human adipose tissue. In this study, which is the continuation of a previous work, we have improved the protocol for extensive fractionation of a higher number of tissue samples in order to investigate bioaccumulated xenoestrogens that are candidates for estrogenicity and to assess their combined estrogenic effect. This was achieved by extensive HPLC separation of xenoestrogens from endogenous hormones followed by testing of individual fractions in the E-Screen test for estrogenicity. Organochlorine pesticides, PCBs and halogenated bisphenols and alkylphenols were collected in the most lipophilic fractions, followed by progestins, androgens and estradiol esters, and then by steroidal estrogens; phyto- and myco-estrogens were collected around the end of the run. These results were confirmed by exhaustive chemical analysis. In 458 human adipose tissue samples, the total effective xenoestrogen burden was positive in 75% of samples in the pooled fraction that contained organohalogenated xenoestrogens (mean 515.3 pM Eeq/g lipid; range 0-14.5 nM) and in 82% of samples in the pooled fraction where natural estrogens eluted (mean 696.6 pM Eeq/g lipid; range 0-12.9 nM). Organochlorine pesticides emerged as candidate chemicals for the estrogenicity of the first pooled fraction, because DDT and derivatives were present in 98.3% of the samples. However, no correlation was found between the concentration of any single chemical and the estrogenicity determined in the bioassay. There may be several reasons for this lack of concordance: (i) the estrogenic effects depicted in the E-Screen bioassay are a consequence of the combined effect of several organohalogens or (ii) the proliferative effect is due to other chemicals not measured. Because additive, synergistic or antagonistic mechanisms may account for the final effect observed in the pooled fractions, the approach proposed in this work is more appropriate for exposure assessment in epidemiological studies than the determination of individual chemicals in human samples.

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Section: Gas Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of total effective xenoestrogen burden in adipose tissue and identification of chemicals responsible for the combined estrogenic effect

Fernández

Rivas

Olea‐Serrano

et al. 2004

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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“…Determination of pesticides and PCBs in human body fluids is generally carried out by applying solvent extraction procedures [1,2,3,4,5,6] or by means of solidphase extraction (SPE) normally using C 18 cartridges [5,7,8,9,10] or C 18 disks [11,12,13]. Most of the analysis procedures reported for serum and blood require the application of cleanup steps to remove interferences (such as the presence of fat and the protein fraction of these complex matrices) and to improve detection limits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different cleanup techniques have been applied, especially for the determination of OC compounds, by far the most studied chemicals in these types of samples. Treatment with sulfuric acid has been widely performed [6,11,14,15], sometimes in combination with other purification techniques such as HPLC [1,3,4]. SPE has been also applied for cleanup purposes for the determination of OC compounds in serum and urine samples by using Florisil [16] or silica gel [17], or a two-step cleanup combining Florisil and silica gel [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid multiresidue determination of organochlorine and organophosphorus compounds in human serum by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry

et al. 2003

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A rapid analytical method for the multiresidue determination of several organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in human serum samples has been developed. Analytes were isolated by solid-phase extraction using C18 cartridges with subsequent analysis by GC-MS/MS using a glass liner packed with CarboFrit in the GC injection port. Labelled surrogate internal standards (fenitrothion D6, HCB (13)C6, p, p'-DDE D8 and PCB 138 (13)C12) were added to the samples before the extraction and were used for quantitation and for quality control in the analysis of real-world samples. Accuracy and precision were evaluated by using serum samples fortified at two concentration levels for the three families of compounds, with satisfactory results in the majority of cases. The high selectivity and sensitivity of GC-MS/MS allowed low detection limits of 0.05-0.5 ng mL(-1) for most of the analytes investigated. The developed procedure improves other current methodologies for the analysis of pesticides and PCBs in biological fluids, especially as regards to analysis time and simplicity of sample treatment. The method was applied to several serum samples obtained from farmers devoted to citrus crop production. Chlorpyrifos, HCB, p, p'-DDE and the higher chlorinated PCBs (153, 138 and 180) were the most frequently detected compounds.

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“…As a result, endosulfan has been demonstrated to accumulate in significant levels in human tissue, including fat, liver, kidney, and brain. In addition, high levels of endosulfan have been recorded in the cord blood and breast milk of pregnant women (Moreno Frias et al , 2004; Jimenez Torres et al , 2006). This raises particular concern for the exposure of the developing fetus to endosulfan, both during gestation as well as postnatally, and the effect that this exposure may have on development of the nervous system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental exposure to the organochlorine insecticide endosulfan damages the nigrostriatal dopamine system in male offspring

et al. 2014

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The contribution of environmental toxicants to the etiology and risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been clearly established, with organochlorine insecticides routinely shown to damage the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway. Although PD is generally considered an adult onset disease, it has been postulated that exposure to environmental contaminants or other factors early in life during critical periods of neurodevelopment could alter the dopaminergic circuit and predispose individuals to developing PD. Recent epidemiological evidence has found exposure to the organochlorine insecticide endosulfan to be a risk factor for PD. However, the specific dopaminergic targets or vulnerable developmental time points related to endosulfan exposure have not been investigated. Thus, we sought to investigate dopaminergic neurotoxicity following developmental exposure to endosulfan as well as following an additional challenge with MPTP. Our in vitro findings demonstrate a reduction in SK-N-SH cells and ventral mesencephalic primary cultures after endosulfan treatment. Using an in vivo developmental model, exposure to endosulfan during gestation and lactation caused a reduction in DAT and TH in the striatum of male offspring. These alterations were exacerbated following subsequent treatment with MPTP. In contrast, exposure of adult mice to endosulfan did not elicit dopaminergic damage and did not appear to increase the vulnerability of the dopamine neurons to MPTP. These findings suggest that development during gestation and lactation represents a critical window of susceptibility to endosulfan exposure and development of the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Furthermore, these exposures appear to sensitize the dopamine neurons to additional insults that may occur later in life.

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Determination of organochlorine compounds in human biological samples by GC‐MS/MS

Cited by 76 publications

References 24 publications

Assessment of total effective xenoestrogen burden in adipose tissue and identification of chemicals responsible for the combined estrogenic effect

Assessment of total effective xenoestrogen burden in adipose tissue and identification of chemicals responsible for the combined estrogenic effect

Rapid multiresidue determination of organochlorine and organophosphorus compounds in human serum by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry

Developmental exposure to the organochlorine insecticide endosulfan damages the nigrostriatal dopamine system in male offspring

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