Determination of Ovarian Cysts in Cattle with Poor Reproductive Performance Using Ultrasound and Plasma Progesterone Profile

Abstract

Copyright 2018 by Yimer N. This is an open-access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which allows to copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and reproduce in any medium or format, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited. 1 Original Research | Volume 3 | Number 1| cc Introduction: The present study investigated the occurrences of cystic ovarian diseases (COD) and abnormal ovarian cyclicity (AOC) in cows with delayed postpartum period and heifers with delayed age at first calving. Materials and Methods: A total of 102 cattle which comprised of open cows >90 days postpartum, and heifers with delayed age (>24 months) at first calving were enrolled in the study. Animals were divided into four groups according to their breeds [24 Friesian Sahiwal (FRS), 31 Bradford (BRF), 15 Brangus (BR) and 32 Kedah Kelantan (KK)]. Blood plasma samples for progesterone (P 4 ) analysis using radioimmunoassay (RIA) were obtained twice weekly for about three months. Concurrently, the ovarian activity was also monitored for the development of dominant follicles, corpora lutea as well as any cystic ovarian condition, using a B-mode ultrasound scanner. Results: The highest incidence of AOC associated with either COD or inactive ovaries occurred in Brangus (BR; 53.3%), and the lowest incidence was observed in Kedah Kelantan (KK) cows (12.5%). The difference in AOC was significant (p<0.05) between KK and the other three breeds. In cows, the incidence of COD was highest in FRS (30%), followed by BRF (13.3%), BR (14.3%), and KK (8.7%). Overall, the incidence of COD was higher in beef heifers than in cows. Prolonged luteal phase due to luteal cysts was the predominant type of AOC in the case of FRS (66.7%) while cessation of cyclicity due to follicular cysts was the primary abnormality observed in BR (75%), and BRF (76.9%). Conclusion: This study showed that AOC and COD were the major causes of reproductive failure in both dairy and beef cattle such that the KK cows were the least affected. Moreover, differentiation among the various types of COD was possible by the combined use of P 4 data and ultrasonograms.

Ultrasonographical and hormonal comparative between true and postpartum anestrus of cows in south of Iraq

“…Its efficiency was revealed through the absence of structures in the ovaries or small anovulatory follicles in case of inactive ovaries. Our ultrasonographical evaluation for inactive ovaries showed smooth gray iso-echoic small ovaries without structures with a high echoic border that agreed with (Yimer et al, 2018). Also our evaluation determined the presence of luteinizing activity (luteal cyst, persistent corpus luteum and cystic corpus luteum).…”

Ovarian cysts, an anovulatory condition in dairy cattle

“…Therefore, the combined use of progesterone analysis and ultrasonography is useful to differentiate with accuracy the distinct types of ovarian abnormalities such as follicular cyst, luteal cyst, and ovarian inactivity [95]. An authentic diagnosis of ovarian cysts currently employs a combination of trans-rectal palpation, trans-rectal ultrasonography and plasma progesterone assay [39].…”

“…The incidence of ovarian cysts in dairy cattle may vary from 2.7% to 15.1% [ 13 , 17 ] or from 6% to 30% [ 30 , 45 ] with peak incidences between the interval of 14 and 40 days postpartum [ 25 , 46 , 50 , 95 ]. Some studies have also reported that up to 70% of the ovarian cysts occur between days 16 and 50 after calving, with the highest occurrence between days 30 and 40 after calving [ 25 , 46 ].…”

“…The use of ultrasound is necessary to differentiate between follicular cysts and ovarian inactivity (presence of little or no follicular development), where there is low progesterone level in both cases, which would otherwise be difficult to differentiate by using progesterone analysis only. Therefore, the combined use of progesterone analysis and ultrasonography is useful to differentiate with accuracy the distinct types of ovarian abnormalities such as follicular cyst, luteal cyst, and ovarian inactivity [ 95 ]. An authentic diagnosis of ovarian cysts currently employs a combination of trans-rectal palpation, trans-rectal ultrasonography and plasma progesterone assay [ 39 ].…”

“…Ovarian cysts represent an important cause of reproductive failure in dairy cattle. Such circumstance can lead to a considerable economic loss through ovarian cysts high incidence, to an increase in the number of days to first service, and increase in the number of open days [ 95 ].…”