Determination of pentachlorophenol and tribromophenol in sawdust by ultrasound‐assisted extraction and MEKC

Abstract

An ultrasonic bar-assisted extraction and CE separation procedure for the determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) residues in sawdust was developed and applied. For this purpose, micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) was used and compared with a GC/MS methodology. This methodology allowed the quantification of PCP and TBP in a concentration range of 2.5-12.0 mg/kg for TBP and 2.8-12.0 mg/kg for PCP. Different sample treatment processes were evaluated in order to extract these compounds from sawdust. Better results were obtained when the residues were extracted with ultrasound-assisted hexane, filtered, evaporated, dissolved in Na(2)CO(3), and injected into the CE equipment. The optimal option for GC/MS was extraction with Na(2)CO(3 )followed by a derivation using acetic anhydride and liquid-liquid extraction with hexane. This method allowed the quantification of TBP and PCP in sawdust in a concentration range of 0.19-12.00 mg/kg and 0.14-12.00 mg/kg, respectively. The CE method was compared with the GC/MS as reference method. The results were shown to be statistically similar by both methods for PCP as well as for TBP.

Brominated flame retardants in placental tissues: associations with infant sex and thyroid hormone endpoints

“…In addition, 2,4,6-TBP is currently used as fungicide/wood preservative. Although less is known about 2,4,6-TBP, data indicate that human exposure is ubiquitous and, like PBDE exposure, ongoing [4, 5]. …”

Application of response surface methodology to optimise ultrasonic‐assisted extraction of four chromones in Radix Saposhnikoviae

“…This method utilises convention solvents offering many advantages including shorter extraction time and little consumption of solvents. Moreover, UAE can produce physical, chemical and mechanic effects by high‐intensity shock waves and cavitations to make the chemical constituents dissolve in the solvent at lower temperature (Mardones et al ., 2008; Orozco‐Solano et al ., 2010; Tadeo et al ., 2009). In view of the above advantages of UAE, it has been drawing much more attention in the extraction and separation fields.…”

Behavior of PCDD/Fs and PCBs from Wastewater Treatment Plants during Sewage Sludge Composting: Study of Semi-Anaerobic Conditions and Different Stages of the Process

“…PCP (Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany, 99% certified) dispersed in water was added as dioxin precursor to achieve 100 mg PCP/kg dry mixture. This compound can be found in the initial materials, e.g., 2.8-12.0 mg/kg in sawdust [36], but it was added in excess to contaminate samples with PCP and to observe a possible formation more clearly. The concentration of PCP was selected based on values in the literature for in vitro PCDD/F formation from PCP, specifically those obtained when the reaction was catalyzed by peroxidases typical of sewage sludge composting, with values up to 7•10 8 ng OCDD/kg PCP [18].…”