Determination of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate in cooking oil and pig adipose tissue using reversed-phase liquid–liquid extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Simultaneous Determination of Perfluorinated Compounds in Edible Oil by Gel-Permeation Chromatography Combined with Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…The most commonly used solvents (acetonitrile and methanol) have been applied with regard to the extraction of PFCs in lipid matrices. − , The extraction efficiencies of PFCs from edible oils were evaluated for the solvents. As shown in Table , the recoveries of PFCs ranged from 74% to 129% by using acetonitrile as the extraction solvent.…”

“…The analysis of PFCs in edible oils is challenging because of the trace levels and high fat content of the matrices. As far as we know, few papers focusing on PFCs in edible oils have been published. − Tang et al developed a liquid–liquid extraction method for the determination of PFOA and PFOS in cooking oil, using basified methanol/water (1:1, v/v, containing 0.5% hydroxide ammonia) and dichloromethane . Ballesteros-Gomez et al analyze PFCs in sunflower oil by loading the oil samples directly to Oasis weak anion exchange (WAX) solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges without extraction processes, and Noorlander et al applied the method on the determination of PFCs in vegetable oil .…”

Effect of surfactants on the degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) by ultrasonic (US) treatment

“…It is difficult to decompose in the natural environment due to its strong C-F bonds (110 kcal/mol) [1,2]. Moreover, it exhibits bioaccumulative and biomagnificative effects [3][4][5] and has been found in aquatic environments, animals, and humans [6][7][8]. Therefore, an effective method of PFOA removal should be developed.…”

Fluorous solid-phase extraction (F-SPE) as a pilot tool for quantitative determination of perfluorochemicals in water samples coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

“…Compared to other main-stream pretreatments such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and liquid-liqiud microextraction (LLME), solid-phase extraction (SPE) is a sample enrichment and purication technology which takes advantage of the affinity of solutes dissolved or suspended in a liquid (mobile phase) for a solid (stationary phase) through which the sample is passed to separate a mixture into desired and undesired components. [13][14][15][16] For various analytes, different stationary phase materials could be employed according to their physical and chemical properties.…”