Determination of peroxides in saliva—kinetics of peroxide release into saliva during home-bleaching with Whitestrips® and Vivastyle®

Hydrogen peroxide tooth-whitening (bleaching) products: Review of adverse effects and safety issues

“…Comparing a 5% H 2 O 2 strip with 10% carbamide peroxide in a tray both applied for 30 minutes on alternate days revealed that the peroxides in saliva are higher with the strips than the tray. 91 Following the application of a 19% sodium percarbonate direct bleaching gel, the peak salivary H 2 O 2 was 0.033% and peroxide levels had returned to baseline by 30 minutes. 92 Measurements of salivary pH following use of 10% carbamide peroxide (pH5.3) in a guard revealed no significant reductions, rather the pH at times increased, possibly because the carbamide peroxide degrades into H 2 O 2 and urea (and thus ammonia).…”

The bleaching of teeth: A review of the literature

“…27 The mechanism by which teeth are whitened by oxidising materials such as hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide are currently not fully understood. 17,28 Considering the available literature, evidence points towards the initial diffusion of peroxide into and through the enamel to reach the enamel dentine junction and dentine regions. Indeed, in vitro experiments by a number of authors have demonstrated the penetration of low levels of peroxide into the pulp chambers of extracted teeth after exposure times of 15-30 min from a range of peroxide products and solutions.…”

12-Month color stability of enamel, dentine, and enamel–dentine samples after bleaching

“…The mixture was applied as 2 mm thick layer in a humid atmosphere at 37° C. This layer remained on the surface during the whole bleaching period and was renewed on day 5, 10, 15 and 20. The hydrogen peroxide concentration of the sodium perborate mixture was determined photometrically as described in detail previously [7,8]. The method is based on the reaction of 4-aminoantipyrin and phenol with hydrogen peroxide catalysed by peroxidase.…”