Determination of Phenolics and Flavonoids of Some Useful Medicinal Plants and Bioassay-Guided Fractionation Substances of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hochst Stem (Bark) Extract and Their Efficacy Against Salmonella typhi

Abdallah, Muhammad S.; Mustafa, Muskhazli; Meenakshii, A; Nallappan, P; Choi, Sangho; Paik, Jin‐Hyub; Go, Rusea

doi:10.3389/fchem.2021.670530

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The ethyl acetate fraction of the extract was characterized and active principles were isolated using LC-MS/LC-HRMS technique. Vidarabine was found to be mainly responsible for the antimicrobial activity of the S. birrea stem bark [67]. In another recent study, Baldé et al (2021) evaluated antiplasmodial and antimicrobial activities of Terminalia albida root.…”

Section: Some Recent Experiments Using Bio-activity-guided Fractionation Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Approaches in the Discovery and Development of Plant-Based Natural Products and Their Analogues as Potential Therapeutic Agents

et al. 2022

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Natural products represents an important source of new lead compounds in drug discovery research. Several drugs currently used as therapeutic agents have been developed from natural sources; plant sources are specifically important. In the past few decades, pharmaceutical companies demonstrated insignificant attention towards natural product drug discovery, mainly due to its intrinsic complexity. Recently, technological advancements greatly helped to address the challenges and resulted in the revived scientific interest in drug discovery from natural sources. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various approaches used in the selection, authentication, extraction/isolation, biological screening, and analogue development through the application of modern drug-development principles of plant-based natural products. Main focus is given to the bioactivity-guided fractionation approach along with associated challenges and major advancements. A brief outline of historical development in natural product drug discovery and a snapshot of the prominent natural drugs developed in the last few decades are also presented. The researcher’s opinions indicated that an integrated interdisciplinary approach utilizing technological advances is necessary for the successful development of natural products. These involve the application of efficient selection method, well-designed extraction/isolation procedure, advanced structure elucidation techniques, and bioassays with a high-throughput capacity to establish druggability and patentability of phyto-compounds. A number of modern approaches including molecular modeling, virtual screening, natural product library, and database mining are being used for improving natural product drug discovery research. Renewed scientific interest and recent research trends in natural product drug discovery clearly indicated that natural products will play important role in the future development of new therapeutic drugs and it is also anticipated that efficient application of new approaches will further improve the drug discovery campaign.

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Section: Some Recent Experiments Using Bio-activity-guided Fractionation Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Approaches in the Discovery and Development of Plant-Based Natural Products and Their Analogues as Potential Therapeutic Agents

et al. 2022

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“…Several different phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic glucosides, saponins and tannins have been identified in plants to have antioxidant and therapeutic properties [ 1 ]. Bioactive compounds derived from certain Australian plants have already been connected to significant health benefiting outcomes and the phytochemistry and bioactivity of these native Australian plants, have been collated and documented in our previous review paper [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A typical approach to obtain pure isolates from plant origin is bioassay-guided fractionation. Bioassay-guided fractionation may be defined as a technique for profiling and screening of plant extracts for bioactive compounds with potential sources of new bio-based drugs [ 1 ]. The fractionation procedure enables the screening and purification of natural products in the plant extracts more efficiently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioassay Guided Fractionation Protocol for Determining Novel Active Compounds in Selected Australian Flora

Mani

Johnson

Hosking

et al. 2022

Plants

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A large variety of unique and distinct flora of Australia have developed exceptional survival methods and phytochemicals and hence may provide a significant avenue for new drug discovery. This study proposes a bioassay guided fractionation protocol that maybe robust and efficient in screening plants with potential bioactive properties and isolating lead novel compounds. Hence, five native Australian plants were selected for this screening process, namely Pittosporum angustifolium (Gumbi gumbi), Terminalia ferdinandiana (Kakadu plum, seeds (KPS), and flesh (KPF)), Cupaniopsis anacardioides (Tuckeroo, seeds (TKS) and flesh (TKF)), Podocarpus elatus (Illawarra plum, seeds (IPS) and flesh (IPF)) and Pleiogynium timoriense (Burdekin plum, seeds (BPS) and flesh (BPF)). The methanolic extracts of the plants samples were analysed for Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity measure by FRAP. The highest values were found in the KPF which were 12,442 ± 1355 mg GAE/ 100 g TPC and 16,670 ± 2275 mg TXE/100 g antioxidant capacity. Extracts of GGL was deemed to be most potent with complete cell inhibition in HeLa and HT29, and about 95% inhibition in HuH7 cells. Comparative activity was also seen for KPS extract, where more than 80% cell inhibition occurred in all tested cell lines. Dose-dependent studies showed higher SI values (0.72–1.02) in KPS extracts than GGL (0.5–0.73). Microbial assays of the crude extracts were also performed against five bacterial strains commonly associated with causing food poisoning diseases were selected (Gram positive—Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative—Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria). KPF extracts were effective in suppressing microbial growth of all tested bacterial strains except for P. aeruginosa, while TKS and TKF were only slightly effective against S. aureus. Due to the potential of the GGL crude extract to completely inhibit the cells compared to KPS, it was further fractionated and tested against the cell lines. HPLC phenolic profiling of the crude extracts were performed, and numerous peak overlaps were evident in the fruit extracts. The KPF extracts demonstrated the strongest peaks which was coherent with the fact that it had the highest TPC and antioxidant capacity values. A high occurrence of t-ferulic acid in the GGL extracts was found which may explain the cytotoxic activity of GGL extracts. Peaks in KPS and KPF extracts were tentatively identified as gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and syringic acid and possibly ellagic acid. HPLC time-based fractionation of the GGL extract (F1–F5) was performed and Dose dependent cytotoxic effects were determined. It was construed that F1, having the highest SI value for HeLa, HT29 and HuH7 (1.60, 1.41 and 1.67, respectively) would be promising for further fractionation and isolation process.

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“…The antibacterial susceptibility performed by using the agar well diffusion method [23] and also the procedure mentioned by Manilal et al, (2020) [24] with few modifications were considered, in which sterile Mueller Hinton's agar media (HIMEDIA) was aseptically dispensed into sterile Petri dishes and uniformly, seeded with 100 μl of a suspension containing 1.5 × 10 8 CFU/ml of appropriate standard strains of Gram Positive Bacteria S. aureus ATCC 25923, Gram negative E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 using sterile cotton swab [25]. The inoculums were previously refreshed from overnight cultures by the direct colony method.…”

Section: In Vitro Antimicrobials Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial, Antioxidant Activities and GC-MS Analysis of <i>Dichrostachys cinera</i> (L.) Ethanolic Leaves Extract

Yassin¹,

Abubker²,

Mohamed³

et al. 2022

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Traditional medicinal plants are one of the potential sources of antimicrobial drugs and there is a great concern in the use and development of herbal medicine for the treatment of various infections. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of Dichrostachys cinera ethanolic leaves extract and to determine the components of the crude extract. D. cinera extract was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The antibacterial, antioxidant activities and active constituents were determined using standard methods. Antibacterial activity of the crude extract findings showed that all bacterial candidates were susceptible where S. aureus represent MIC at 12.5 mg/ml and MBC at 25 mg/ml, E. coli and P. aeruginosa both showed MIC 25 mg/ml and MBC 50 mg/ml. In the free radical scavenging assay of the extract and the standard quercetin at concentrations of 250 µg/ml, 125 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, 10 µg/ml, and 5 µg/ml. The radical scavenging activity for the extract was about 92%, 89.6%, 86.8%, 82.8% and 37.8% respectively, compared to quercetin which gave 89.7%, 85.8%, 62.1%, 55.5%, and 45% radical scavenging activity. The GC-Ms analysis of the total constituents demonstrated that 1,6-Anhydro-2,4-dideoxy-.beta.-D-ribo-hexo (21.26%) with different peaks,

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Determination of Phenolics and Flavonoids of Some Useful Medicinal Plants and Bioassay-Guided Fractionation Substances of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hochst Stem (Bark) Extract and Their Efficacy Against Salmonella typhi

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Modern Approaches in the Discovery and Development of Plant-Based Natural Products and Their Analogues as Potential Therapeutic Agents

Modern Approaches in the Discovery and Development of Plant-Based Natural Products and Their Analogues as Potential Therapeutic Agents

Bioassay Guided Fractionation Protocol for Determining Novel Active Compounds in Selected Australian Flora

Antibacterial, Antioxidant Activities and GC-MS Analysis of <i>Dichrostachys cinera</i> (L.) Ethanolic Leaves Extract

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Determination of Phenolics and Flavonoids of Some Useful Medicinal Plants and Bioassay-Guided Fractionation Substances of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hochst Stem (Bark) Extract and Their Efficacy Against Salmonella typhi

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Modern Approaches in the Discovery and Development of Plant-Based Natural Products and Their Analogues as Potential Therapeutic Agents

Modern Approaches in the Discovery and Development of Plant-Based Natural Products and Their Analogues as Potential Therapeutic Agents

Bioassay Guided Fractionation Protocol for Determining Novel Active Compounds in Selected Australian Flora

Antibacterial, Antioxidant Activities and GC-MS Analysis of &lt;i&gt;Dichrostachys cinera&lt;/i&gt; (L.) Ethanolic Leaves Extract

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Antibacterial, Antioxidant Activities and GC-MS Analysis of <i>Dichrostachys cinera</i> (L.) Ethanolic Leaves Extract