Determination of phthalate esters in liquor samples by vortex‐assisted surfactant‐enhanced‐emulsification liquid–liquid microextraction followed by GC–MS

Abstract

A novel method using vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced-emulsification liquid-liquid microextraction has been developed for the extraction of phthalate esters (PAEs) in Chinese liquor samples prior to analysis by GC-MS. In the proposed method, a high-density extraction solvent (carbon tetrachloride) was dispersed into samples with the aid of a surfactant (Triton X-100) and vortex agitation, resulting in a short extraction equilibrium (30 s). After centrifugation, a single microdrop of solvent was easily collected for GC-MS analysis. Key factors that affected the extraction efficiency were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, linearity was found in the range from 0.05 to 50 μg/L. Coefficients of determination varied from 0.9938 to 0.9971. LODs, based on an S/N of 3, ranged from 4.9 to 13 ng/L. Enrichment factors varied from 140 to 184. Reproducibility and recoveries were assessed by testing a series of three liquor samples that were spiked with different concentration levels. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of PAEs in 16 Chinese liquor samples. In this work, high-density-solvent vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced-emulsification liquid-liquid microextraction was applied for the first time for the extraction of PAEs in Chinese liquor samples and was proved to be simple, rapid, and sensitive.

Simultaneous determination of seven phthalic acid esters in beverages using ultrasound and vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography

“…The detection of PAEs is generally performed by GC or HPLC. HPLC–UV is one of the commonly used techniques for determination of PAEs followed by GC–MS , GC with flame ionization detection (FID) , and HPLC–MS .…”

Methyl Salicylate-Based Vortex-Assisted Surfactant-Enhanced Emulsification Microextraction and HPLC for Determination of Fungicides in Honey Samples

“…In addition, it has been reported that good emulsification process was obtained when the concentration of surfactant was lower than CMC. 16 Thus, SDS was then selected for further investigation.…”

“…It was found that VALLME overcomes the disadvantage of DLLME (required disperser solvents), while surfactants used in VASEME assist extraction solvents to better disperse into a sample solution. 16 The combination of vortex agitation and surfactant has also been widely applied to improve the extraction performance and used for the analysis of various compounds. [16][17][18][19][20][21] In VASEME, extraction solvents/surfactants such as carbon tetrachloride/Triton X-100, toluene/CTAB, 1-octanol/SDS+CTAB, trichloromethane/ammonium perfluorooctanoate, 1-undecanol/Triton X-100, and methyl benzene/Tween 20 can be used.…”

“…[16][17][18][19][20][21] In VASEME, extraction solvents/surfactants such as carbon tetrachloride/Triton X-100, toluene/CTAB, 1-octanol/SDS+CTAB, trichloromethane/ammonium perfluorooctanoate, 1-undecanol/Triton X-100, and methyl benzene/Tween 20 can be used. [16][17][18][19][20][21] As mentioned above, [16][17][18][19][20][21] it was found that a toxic extraction solvent (e.g. carbon tetrachloride) was used.…”

In Tube Ultrasonic and Air Assisted Liquid-Liquid Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Determination: a Novel Method for the Determination of Phthalate Esters in Aqueous Samples

“…12 Ultrasonic radiation is a powerful aid, which can accelerate various steps of the analytical process, and thus, ultrasound-assisted emulsification-microextraction (USAEME) has been used as an alternative method for conventional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). [13][14][15][16] Accordingly, the production of tiny air bubble and good dispersion of extraction solvent in the aqueous phase are important.…”