Determination of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) along with probabilistic health risk assessment in fruit juice samples in Tehran, Iran

Kargarghomsheh, Pegah; Naghashan, Mahsa; Farhadiyan, Soraya; Arabameri, Majid; Tooryan, Fahimeh; Shariatifar, Nabi

doi:10.1007/s11356-023-25313-0

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…By external magnet, the residual adsorbent was separated, and by flow of nitrogen (N 2 ), the supernatant was concentrated at 50 °C. Eventually, 5 μL of the final solution was removed and injected into the equipment of GC-MS (Agilent 7890 N-5975; Kiani et al 2019;Dobaradaran et al 2020;Mehraie et al 2022;Kargarghomsheh et al 2023).…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conditions of the GC-MS were adjusted according to prior studies (Kiani et al 2019;Dobaradaran et al 2020;Mehraie et al 2022;Kargarghomsheh et al 2023). The GC-MS outputs of PAE compounds and I.S were demonstrated in Table S1.…”

Section: Instrument Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, several agencies like the US Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) classified the PAE compounds as pollutant of priority. According to research, it has been found that some PAE compounds such as DEHP, BBP and DBP have testosterone-reducing and anti-androgen effects in rats at high doses (Rezaei et al 2021;Mehraie et al 2022;Kargarghomsheh et al 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Newly, by using the magnetic particles (MPs), an innovative technique named magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) has been introduced that is modified and improved from the old SPE technique (Holadová et al 2007;Feás et al 2008;Gao et al 2010;Guan et al 2010;Le Zhang et al 2010;Sun et al 2013). This method (compared with the old SPE) has some benefits such as more accurate, time saver and more reliable (Moazzen et al 2013(Moazzen et al , 2014(Moazzen et al , 2018Kargarghomsheh et al 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A probabilistic risk analysis model of food products allows assessing potential hazards by the exposure level in a population. Several investigations recently used the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) to calculate the uncertainty capacity in risk estimations as an objective model (Mehraie et al 2022;Kargarghomsheh et al 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of phthalate acid esters in butter and cheese samples using MSPE‐GC/MS method: A health risk assessment study

Mirzaei,

Ahmadi,

Shariatifar

et al. 2023

Int J of Dairy Tech

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of six phthalate acid esters (PAE) and associated health risks in butter and cheese samples, using the magnetic solid‐phase extraction with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (MSPE‐GC/MS) technique. In this study, the limit of detection (LODs), limit of quantifications (LOQs) and the recovery percentages were 0.26–1.02, 0.78–3.06 μg/kg and 98.6–102%. The results showed that in all samples, the mean total PAEs was 9.76 ± 2.39 μg/kg (in the range of 6.33–14.49 μg/kg) and the average of Bis (2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) was 2.9 ± 0.88 μg/kg (in the range of 1.84–4.24 μg/kg), which is lower than the standard level (EFSA set PAE standard levels between 0 and 50 μg/kg in food and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) set 6 μg/L for DEHP in drinking water). Moreover, the average total PAEs in all butter samples were 11.52 ± 2.03 μg/kg (in the range of 7.82–14.49 μg/kg) and the average of DEHP was 3.53 ± 0.73 μg/kg (in the range of 2.05–4.24 μg/kg) and the average total PAEs in all cheese samples were 8.00 ± 1.02 μg/kg (in the range of 6.33–9.91 μg/kg) and the average of DEHP was 2.26 ± 0.43 μg/kg (in the range of 1.84–3.04 μg/kg). The rank order of the estimated THQ (target hazard quotient) values based on the 95% percentile (in all samples) was DEHP > DBP (dibutyl phthalate) > BBP (butylbenzyl phthalate) > DEP (diethyl phthalate). The ILCR (Incremental Life Cancer Risk) assessment found that phthalates (DEHP) in dairy product samples are not of concern to humans. Finally, since the amount of these pollutants was less than the existing standards, it can be concluded that it does not pose any danger to Iranian consumers.

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Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrument Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of phthalate acid esters in butter and cheese samples using MSPE‐GC/MS method: A health risk assessment study

Mirzaei,

Ahmadi,

Shariatifar

et al. 2023

Int J of Dairy Tech

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Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in dairy products by modified QuEChERS/GC‐QqQ‐MS/MS method: A risk assessment study

Kiani

Arabameri

Shariatifar

et al. 2023

Food Science & Nutrition

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are harmful chemicals that are persistent in the environment and can accumulate in the food chain. The purpose of the present research was to assess non‐dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL‐PCBs) in some dairy products (yogurt, doogh, and kashk) using modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) technique and gas chromatography–triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC‐QqQ‐MS/MS) method and risk assessment study. The LOQs (limit of quantifications), LODs (limit of detections), recovery, and RSD for the PCB analytes were 0.180–0.360, 0.06–0.12 ng/g fat, 97.45–102.63%, and 6.33–8.86%, respectively. The results revealed that the mean concentrations of Ʃ6‐NDL‐PCBs in samples were 15.17 ± 3.44 ng/g fat, which was lower than the standard level established by European Union (EU, 40 ng/g fat). The maximum mean level was PCB 180 (9.98 ± 2.04 ng/g fat) and the minimum mean level of PCBs in samples was PCB 28 (0.09 ± 0.06 ng/g fat). Also, results showed that kashk samples had a maximum mean level of 6‐NDL‐PCBs (18.66 ± 2.42 ng/g fat) and doogh samples had a minimum mean level of 6‐NDL‐PCBs (12.21 ± 2.22 ng/g fat). The mean level of 6‐NDL‐PCBs in yogurt samples was 14.65 ± 2.02 ng/g fat. The heat map results showed the correlation between the spectral indices of 6‐NDL‐PCBs in different dairy products. According to the Monte Carlo method, risk assessment was done using calculating the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR). The EDI values of 6 NDL‐PCBs based on the 95th percentile in yogurt, doogh, and kashk were 14.3, 1.49, and 0.5 ng/kg.day, respectively. Considering that the contaminant level in the samples is lower than the EU limit, it can be concluded that dietary exposure to 6 NDL‐PCBs may not pose a risk to the health of consumers.

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Analysis and contamination levels of ten phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in Chinese commercial bubble tea: a comparison with commercial milk

Huang,

Liu,

Wan

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Determination of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) along with probabilistic health risk assessment in fruit juice samples in Tehran, Iran

Cited by 27 publications

References 32 publications

Analysis of phthalate acid esters in butter and cheese samples using MSPE‐GC/MS method: A health risk assessment study

Analysis of phthalate acid esters in butter and cheese samples using MSPE‐GC/MS method: A health risk assessment study

Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in dairy products by modified QuEChERS/GC‐QqQ‐MS/MS method: A risk assessment study

Analysis and contamination levels of ten phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in Chinese commercial bubble tea: a comparison with commercial milk

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