Determination of Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium in Automotive Catalysts Using High-Energy Secondary Target X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Abstract

A fast and direct determination procedure for precious metals in spent automotive catalyst was developed using the novel high-energy polarized-beam XRF. A sample preparation method working directly on the ground material was optimized. The material was pressed as a pellet using wax as a binder; no internal standard was added. The standards for this application were available spent automotive catalyst, previously analyzed by ICP-OES to verify their concentration, prepared in the same way as the unknown samples. The investigated concentration ranged from nearly 0 to approximately 2700 ppm for Pt, to 500 ppm for Rh, and to 7500 ppm for Pd. The repeatability of the XRF measurement appeared to be better than 0.5%, while the precision of the whole method was approximately 1%. The accuracy of the XRF method was verified with the well-established (but very time-consuming) ICP-OES method; a good agreement (no difference when using the 95% confidence interval) was found for the results. When using an irradiation time of 500 s for the CsI secondary target and the Zr secondary target, the detection limits for Pt, Pd, and Rh were found to be better than 5 ppm.

X‐ray Fluorescence Investigation of Ordered Intermetallic Phases as Electrocatalysts towards the Oxidation of Small Organic Molecules

“…Electrochemical and SR-XRF analysis were performed to compare the amount of adsorbed CoTSPc onto the gold electrode and to determine the level of uniformity of the deposited layer. Van Meel and co-workers [25] developed a fast and direct determination procedure for precious metals (such as Pt, Pd, and Rh) in spent automotive catalysts by using the novel high-energy polarizedbeam XRF technique. Wang and co-workers [26] developed a barcoding procedure for alloy nanowires based on nondestructive X-ray fluorescence readout.…”

Determination of platinum, rhenium and palladium in the katalysts based on the aluminium oxide by X-ray fluorescence analysis

“…Необходимо отметить, что катализаторы на основе оксида алюминия не под-даются прессованию без связующего вещества. По-добный способ подготовки проб использован в ра-боте [16] 2) меньше величины относительно-го стандартного отклонения (1 %), приведенной в работе [16] при рентгенофлуоресцентном опреде-лении содержания платины на уровне 0.14 % мас.…”

“…Компании-производители катализаторов использо-вали РФА на стадии внутреннего контроля качества исходных компонентов [14]. В работе [16] РФА при-менен для определения Pt, Pd, Rh в отработанных автомобильных катализаторах, основу которых со-ставляли кордиерит (2MgO·2Al 2 O 3 ·5SiO 2 ) и смесь глинозема, оксидов церия и циркония (CeO 2 , ZrO 2 ).…”

A novel long-wavelength fluorescent probe for discrimination of different palladium species based on Pd-catalyzed reactions

“…[11][12][13][14] Recently, uorescent probes have been widely applied in biological and environmental studies owing to its simple operation, low-cost, high sensitivity and high selectivity. [15][16][17][18][19] Plenty of uorescent probes have been reported for the detection of palladium, most of which were based on the Pd 0 -catalyzed Tsuji-Trost deallylation and depropargylation.…”