Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in copper phthalocyanine pigments

Buchta, Raymond C.; Wyles, H.F.; Hensler, Charles J.; Lenten, Frank J. Van; Westerberg, R.B.; Williams, LR

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(00)96057-6

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Phthalocyanine blue is produced from starting materials without chlorines, and phthalocyanine green is derived from phthalocyanine blue by chlorination ( 21 ). Lower chlorinated PCB congeners are produced as by-products during the manufacturing process of phthalocyanine blue pigments from the reaction medium chlorobenzene ( 23 ). The reaction medium, dichlorobenzene or trichlorobenzene, can form tetra-, penta-, and/or hexa- PCB congeners by a reaction with each other under heat through a free radical mechanism (the dashed arrow pathway in Figure 3 ) ( 24 , 25 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inadvertent Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Commercial Paint Pigments

Hornbuckle

2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

325

314

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A polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) that was not produced as part of the Aroclor mixtures banned in the 1980s was recently reported in air samples collected in Chicago, Philadelphia, the Arctic, and several sites around the Great Lakes. In Chicago, the congener 3,3′-dichlorobiphenyl or PCB11 was found to be the fifth most concentrated congener and ubiquitous throughout the city. The congener exhibited strong seasonal concentration trends that suggest volatilization of this compound from common outdoor surfaces. Due to these findings and also the compound’s presence in waters that received waste from paint manufacturing facilities, we hypothesized that PCB11 may be present in current commercial paint. In this study we measured PCBs in paint sold on the current retail market. We tested 33 commercial paint pigments purchased from three local paint stores. The pigment samples were analyzed for all 209 PCB congeners using gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). More than 50 PCB congeners including several dioxin-like PCBs were detected, and the PCB profiles varied due to different types of pigments and different manufacturing processes. PCB congeners were detected in azo and phthalocyanine pigments which are commonly used in paint but also in inks, textiles, paper, cosmetics, leather, plastics, food and other materials. Our findings suggest several possible mechanisms for the inadvertent production of specific PCB congeners during the manufacturing of paint pigments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inadvertent Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Commercial Paint Pigments

Hornbuckle

2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

325

314

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“…Figure 7 presents chlorine substitution matrices to allow a comparison of which of the i7 PCBs and WHO12 PCBs are present in Aroclors and a variety of non-Aroclor sources. Aroclor data was obtained from (Frame, 2001) and non-Aroclor data from the following sources: pigments (Hu and Hornbuckle, 2010, Shang et al, 2014, Anezaki and Nakano, 2014, Guo et al, 2014, Anezaki et al, 2015, Rodenburg et al, 2015, Forstinger et al, 2015, City of Spokane, 2015, Buchta et al, 1985, Rodenburg, 2012, Vorkamp, 2016, Silicone rubber (Perdih and Jan, 1994), Anezaki et al (2015), chlorophenylsilanes (Anezaki et al, 2015), asphalt tack and release agent, Thermoplastic, PVC pipes, firefighting foams and Sulfentrazone (City of Spokane, 2015), waste incineration (Yasuhara et al, 2003, Jiang et al, 2015, Shin et al, 2006, Anezaki et al, 2016. There is not the same level of information on the composition of PCBs in non-Aroclor sources as there are for different technical mixtures and so figure 7b is an incomplete picture.…”

Section: Additional (Non-aroclor) Pcb Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the effectiveness of different indicator PCBs to estimating total PCB concentrations in environmental investigations

et al. 2019

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“…But relatively less is known for PCBs contamination in commercial and industrial products. Buchta found PCBs contamination in copper phthalocyanine pigments [11]. Rastogi found seven out of 11 printing inks investigated to contain PCBs in concentrations up to 180 ng g − 1 [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of PCBs in tetrachlorinated quinone using gas chromatography with electron capture detection

2000

Talanta

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A simple, sensitive method for determining polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in industrial product 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone with GC/ECD detection has been developed. The method based on liquid -liquid extraction from tetrachlorinated quinone dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide was found to be efficient for the determination of the levels of the investigated pollutants. A series of extraction and purification steps were designed for the sample pretreatment. The congener specific averages of recoveries were 82 -96% for Aroclor 1242 and 1254 at a total spiking level of ca. 0.4 mg g − 1 sample. The reproducibilities of replicate determinations of different congeners were typically 5-19% except one with the average 13% R.S.D. (n=3). This method was applied to evaluate the background levels of PCBs in tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone, of which the corresponding PCB levels varied from 0.014 to 1.5 mg g − 1 .

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Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in copper phthalocyanine pigments

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Inadvertent Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Commercial Paint Pigments

Inadvertent Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Commercial Paint Pigments

Evaluation of the effectiveness of different indicator PCBs to estimating total PCB concentrations in environmental investigations

Determination of PCBs in tetrachlorinated quinone using gas chromatography with electron capture detection

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